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ORPT 301 > Imaging of Special Needs Patients > Flashcards

Imaging of Special Needs Patients Flashcards

1
Q

What are three common special needs in the dental setting?

A
  • Patients with gag reflex
  • Patients with disabilities
  • Patients with specific needs
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2
Q

What is a gag reflex?

A

Strong involuntary effort to vomit provoked by stimulation of the soft tissues of the soft palate or posterior dorsum of the tongue

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a gag reflex?

A

Protective mechanism to clear airway obstruction

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4
Q

What is the most common site that may cause a gag reflex?

A

Near maxillary and mandibular molars

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5
Q

What are three techniques to reduce the gagging reflex?

A
  • Tongue should be relaxed
  • Ask patient to swallow just before placement
  • Don’t make patient conscious about gag reflex
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6
Q

How should you place the sensor to reduce gagging reflexes?

A

Should be carried parallel to the occlusal plane, then rotate it based of area of interest, then bring it into contact with the palate/floor of mouth

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7
Q

Can mouth breathing aggravate the gag reflex?

A

Yes, tell patient to breathe with their nose

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8
Q

In extreme gagging cases, what images can you take?

A

EO/Pan images

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9
Q

What are some distractors to help reduce a gag reflex?

A
  • Tactile stimuli
  • Exercises (wiggling toes)
  • Breathe through nose
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10
Q

Can caregivers assist during radiographs to help patients with disabilities?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are three things you should do if a patient has a visual impairment? 3 answers.

A
  • Clear verbal communication
  • Inform patient about each procedure before preforming
  • Never gesture to another person in the room
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12
Q

What are three things you should do if a patient has a hearing impairment? 4 answers.

A
  • Ask caregiver for assistance
  • Can use gestures
  • Written instructions when needed
  • Speaking clearly and slowly if they can read lips
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13
Q

Should the operator hold an image receptor/sensor for the patient?

A

No, never

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14
Q

What must the caregiver wear if helping hold the radiographs?

A

Lead apron and thyroid collar

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15
Q

How can you accommodate a patient with upper limb mobility impairment?

A

If the holder can not be used to stabilize the receptor, the caregiver can assist

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16
Q

How can you accommodate a patient with lower limb mobility impairment?

A

Chair transfer should be done when possible, if not preform radiographs with patient in the wheel chair

17
Q

What is a developmental disability?

A

Substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning which occurs before the age of 22 and is of indefinite duration

18
Q

How can you accommodate a patient with developmental disabilities?

A

Mild sedation can be helpful in cases of coordination problems, the caregiver can hold the receptor

19
Q

What type of receptor should you use on pediatric patients?

A

Small

20
Q

Is a lead apron and thyroid collar needed for pediatric patients?

A

Yes, highly recommended

21
Q

Are the exposure parameters for pediatric patients compared to adults?

A

Reduced compared to adults

22
Q

What radiographs to you take for a primary dentition?

A

Two anterior occlusal, two posterior bitewings, and up to 4 posterior PAs

23
Q

What radiographs to you take for a primary dentition?

A

2 incisor PAs, 4 canine PAs, 4 posterior PAs, and 2-4 posterior bitewings

24
Q

What procedures needs radiographs?

A

Endodontic

25
Q

For multi-rooted teeth that need endodontic treatment, how should you angle the projection to capture different roots?

A

Alter horizontal angle by 20 degrees in mesial or distal direction

26
Q

Why are radiographs important for edentulous treatment?

A

Important to asses bone, residual roots, infection, or bone cyst/tumor like lesion

27
Q

What type of images are preferred for edentulous patients?

A

Pans

28
Q

What can be used to supplement a Pan for edentulous patients to detect changes in the alveolar ridge?

A

14 PAs

29
Q

When should radiographs be taken on a pregnant woman?

A

Should be limited and only done during diagnostic indications/mother’s dental needs

30
Q

Are intraoral radiographs specifically dangerous to a pregnant woman?

A

No, is highly collimated to head and neck region only and poses very little radiation dose to fetus

31
Q

What must be used if a radiograph is taken on a pregnant woman?

A

Lead apron and thyroid collar

32
Q

In cases of edema from an infection, what should be adjusted when taking a radiograph?

A

Exposure time should be increased to compensate for tissue swelling

33
Q

If oral infections cause the patient to have a hard time opening their mouth, what can be done instead?

A

Extra-oral or occlusal radiography

ORPT 301 (10 decks)

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