Radioactivity and Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a half-life?

A

The time taken for half of a nuclei in a sample to decay.

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2
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

An element that has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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3
Q

What is nuclear decay?

A

The nuclei of some isotopes are unstable. This means they decay randomly and give off radiation.

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4
Q

What are the three types of radiation?

A

Alpha, Gamma and Beta radiation

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5
Q

What is Alpha radiation? When does it occur? What is it made of? What are the properties?

A
  • Alpha radiation occurs when a nucleus is too big
  • It is made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
  • Properties
    • small mass
    • double-positive charge
    • stops with paper and skin
    • travels 2cm in the air
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6
Q

What is Beta radiation? When does it occur? What is it made of? What are the properties?

A

Beta radiation occurs when there are too many neutrons

it is made of one electron

Properties

single negative charge

cant go through a sheet of aluminum

travels 1m in the air

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7
Q

What is Gamma radiation? When does it occur? What is it made of? What are the properties?

A
  • Gamma radiation occurs when a nucleus has too much energy
  • It is a wave of energy
  • Properties:
    • no mass
    • no charge
    • mostly stopped by a thick piece of lead
    • Travels incredibly long distances
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8
Q

What can radiation be?

A

Particles or electromagnetic radiation

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9
Q

What are the 7 types

A
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10
Q

What is a current?

A

A current is the rate of flow of charge

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11
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

The current is the same at all points

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12
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

The current splits at a junction

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13
Q

How do you measure current?

A

T=Q÷t

T=current

Q=charge

t=time

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14
Q

What is power and how is it measured?

A

The energy transferred per second

P=E÷t

P=power (w,kw)

E=energy (J,kwh)

t-time (s,ms)

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15
Q

What is voltage and how is it measured?

A

Voltage is the energy carried (or used) by each coulomb of charge

V=E÷Q

V=voltage (v)

E=energy (J)

Q=charge (C)

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16
Q

How is the battery voltage shared among different series?

A

In a series circuit, the battery voltage is shared among the components

In a parallel circuit, the battery voltage is shared among the components

17
Q

What is resistance and how do you measure it?

A

Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for a current to flow

R=V÷I

R=resistance

V=voltage (V)

I=current (A)

18
Q

What is Ohms law?

A

A voltage across a resistor is proportional to a current through the resistor, provided the temperature is consistent.

19
Q

What are the units of electrical quantities?

A