Body Coordination

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To help us control and coordinate our bodies.

Question 2

What are the two systems in the nervous system?

Answer 2

• Central nervous system; brain, spinal cord, and major nerves
• Peripheral system: the outside nerves (minor branches)

Question 3

What are receptor cells?

Answer 3

Cells that detect change

Question 4

Name two types of receptor cells? Where are they, what do they respond to and what do they do?

Answer 4

• Chemoreceptors
  
  • Found in the tongue and noses
  • They respond to chemicals
  • They allow us to taste and keeps us from dangerous stuff in the air
• Thermoreceptors
  
  • they are found in our skin
  • they respond to heat and changes in temperature
  • They keep us away from dangerously hot or cold temporatures

Question 5

What are the three types of nerve cells?

Answer 5

• Motor neurons: These carry an electrical impulse to effectors such as muscles so you can react
• Sensory neurons: These carry an electrical impulse generated by the stimuli to the central nervous system
• Interneurons: These connect the sensory neurons and motor neurons and are in the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Structure of a neuron

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the functions of the parts of a neuron?

Answer 7

• Cell body: contains the nucleus and supplies energy and nutrients to the cell.
• Dendrite: Branches that extend from one end of a cell that receives messages.
• Axon: the long structure that the electrical signal passes through.
• Myelin sheath: an electrical insulator that covers the axon.
• Axon terminal: passes the impulse onto the next neuron across a synapses.

Question 8

What is the gap between neurons called?

Answer 8

A synapses

Question 9

How does an impulse pass from neuron to neuron?

Answer 9

An electrical impulse arrives along an axon. This triggers the release of chemical neurotransmitters which diffuse across the synapse and binds with the receptors on the other cell. This stimulates the second neuron to generate a new electrical signal.

Question 10

What is a relay action and examples?

Answer 10

No thought is needed for a reflex action, an impulse follows a direct route from the receptor to the effector on a pathway called the reflex arc. Examples are the iris reflex and the knee jerk reflex.

Question 11

What is the structure of the brain?

Answer 11

Cerebrum, hypothalamus, cerebellum, pituitary gland and the brain stem is what you need to know.

Question 12

What are the differences between the endocrine and nervous systems?

Answer 12

Question 13

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 13

Controlling and coordinating activities in your body through chemical messages called hormones.

Question 14

What are another two types of receptors? Where are they found, what do they respond to, and why are they useful?

Answer 14

• Photoreceptors
  
  • They are found in the eye
  • They respond to light changes/levels
  • They keep us from damaging our eyes with bright lights
• Mechanoreceptors
  
  • Found on our skin
  • They respond to physical changes like vibration, pressure, touch, and pain
  • They allow us to react when something changes and dangerous touches our skin

Question 15

What are the parts of the endocrine system?

Answer 15

The hypothalamus, the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, gonads, ovaries, testes, Pancreas gland, thymus gland, thyroid gland, and the pituitary gland

Question 16

Name 5 glands.

Answer 16

1. Thyroid glands
2. Pituitary glands
3. Adrenal glands
4. Parathyroid glands
5. Pancreas gland

Question 17

Name 5 hormones.

Answer 17

1. Estrogen
2. testosterone
3. Pregestrone
4. ADH
5. insulin
6. Glycogen

Question 18

What are the similarities and differences between sensory, inter, and motor neurons?

Answer 18

• Similarities:
  
  • They both have a nucleus axon and branches
  • They both receive electrical impulses through their branches
  • both deliver electrical impulses to certain areas
• Differences:
  
  • The nucleus is in different places
  • Sensory neurons have an end while motor neurons are attached to muscle
  • They send signals to different parts of the body

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

The process of your body maintaining a constant internal environment.

Question 20

What is negative feedback?

Answer 20

The process by which factors (like PH, glucose, blood pressure, and temperature in your body) are kept stable.

Question 21

What happens when your body temperature increases above 37°?

Answer 21

Question 22

What happens when your body temperature falls below 37°?

Answer 22

Question 23

What happens when your water level increases above normal?

Answer 23

Question 24

What happens when your water level falls?

Answer 24

Question 25

How do you maintain oxygen levels in your blood?

Answer 25

Question 26

How does your body cool its temperature?

Answer 26

The hypothalamus sends out signals through the nervous system to the sweat glands to secret water on the surface of the skin, validation also occurs where your blood vessels expand and go towards the surface of your skin.

Question 27

how does your body stay warm?

Answer 27

through vasoconstriction where the blood vessels constrict so it comes further away from the surface, the hypothalamus also sends signals to your muscles to start shivering and your erector muscles can cause your hairs to stand on end trapping hot air that leaves the body.

Question 28

How does your body regulate blood sugar?

Answer 28

Question 29

How does your body maintain carbon dioxide levels?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

type 1 diabetes is a genetic condition that often shows up early in life, and type 2 is mainly lifestyle-related and develops over time.