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Chemistry > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number

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2
Q

Radioactivity

A

the spontaneous decay of a unstable nucleus with the emission of alpha, beta or gamma particles

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3
Q

radioisotopes

A

radioactive isotopes

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4
Q

what was the contibution of Henri Bequerel

A

discovered radioactivity

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5
Q

who discovered raioactivity

A

henri bequerel

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6
Q

Who discovered ratioactive elements

A

Perrie and Marie Curie

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7
Q

what did Perrie and Marie curie discover

A

Radioactive element polonium and radium

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8
Q

Name the three types of nuclear radiation

A

alpha radiation
beta radiation
Gamma radiation

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9
Q

Describe the make up alpha particles

A

2 protons and 2 neturons emitted by an radioactive isotope in an attempt to become stable.
identical to helium nucleus

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10
Q

what occours when somthing undergoes alpha decay?

A

Atomic no. -2
mass no. -4
a new element is formed

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11
Q

Describe alpha particles and give an application

A

Double positive charge
Relativity large mass
Slowest out of the types
Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper)
Attracted towards a negative plate
Americium 241- smoke detector

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12
Q

Describe the make up of Beta perticles

A

electrons emitted by a radioactive isotope in an attempt to become stable
-1 negative charge

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13
Q

Describe how beta decay occours

A

a netron in the nucleus splits into a proton and an electron. The proton remains in the nucleus but the electron is emitted as a beta particle

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14
Q

What occours when an element undergoes beta radiation

A

atomic no. +1
no change in mass
new element formed

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15
Q

describe the properties of beta particles and give an application

A

Negative charge
Low mass
Travel quickly
High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium)
Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field
Carbon-14 used in carbon dating

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16
Q

What is Gamma radiation?

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation emotted by radioactive isotopes in an attempt to become stable

17
Q

What occours when an element undergoes gamma radiation?

A

the structure of the nucleus remains the same it loses energy to become more stable

18
Q

Describe the properties of gamma radiation and list an example

A

Electromagnetic radiation
No charged particles
No mass
High penetrating ability ( thick lead)
Not effected by electric fields
Cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy

19
Q

compare chemical and nuclear reactions

A

Chemical
Involves electrons rather than the nucleus
No new element formed
No release of nuclear radiation
Chemical bonds broken and formed

Nuclear-
Involves nucleus
New element formed
Release of nuclear radiation
No chemical bonds broken and formed

20
Q

What is background radiation

A

ratiation naturally in the enviorment

21
Q

name sources of background radiation

A

radon gas from rocks
all food ( plants absorbs radioactiv material)
cosmic rays from sun

22
Q

Name health hazard of radiation

A

alpha/beta/ gamma are ionising.
In our clees they damage DNA, causing mutationd

23
Q

Name percautions when working with radiation.

A

Store in Lead container
minimse time spent
maxmise distance from them
wear ppe

24
Q

What instrument can detect radiation?

A

Geiger-Muller tube (G-M tube)

25
Q

What is half life

A

time taken for half of the nuclei in an radioisotope to decay

26
Q

Radioisotope uses

A

Smoke alarms: Americium 241-alpha
Carbon dating : Carbon 14- beta
Radiotherapy: Cobalt 60- Gamma

27
Q

Describe Carbon dating

A

All living things have a fixed amount of C12:C14 - The same as the atomsphere.
When th When the organism dies, the C-12 to C-14 ratio in the organism
will change as the carbon-14 decays and decrease. The new ratio and the half-life of carbon-14 can be used to
calculate the age of the organism/objects.

28
Q

What is transmutation

A

The changing of one element into a another

29
Q

What is the half life for americum 241?

A

432 years…

Chemistry (27 decks)

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