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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

List some examples of acids

A

Hydrocloric acid HCl
Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Phosphoric acid H3PO4
Ethnoic acid

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2
Q

what is produced when a metal reacts with an acid

A

a salt is produced along with hydrogen gas

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3
Q

What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid

A

metal + acid= salt + hydrogen

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4
Q

What does the speed of a rection depend on?

A

How high up in the reactivity series it is

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5
Q

What is the Lab test for Hudrogen

A

A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen.
The flame ignites the hydrogen, which burns explosively to make a loud sound

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6
Q

List examples of Bases

A

Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

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7
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid

A

An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions

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8
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic acid and give an example

A

A molecule that dissociates in solution to produce one H+ ion
Eg HCl

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9
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic acid and give an example

A

A molecule that dissociates in solution to produce two H+ ions
Eg H2SO4

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10
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic acid, and give an example

A

A molecule that dissociates in solution to produce three H+ ions
Eg H3PO4

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11
Q

What does the H+ ion react with water to form

A

Hydronium ion

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12
Q

What is the general formula for the dissociation of acids in water

A

H(acid) +H2O = H3O+(Acid)-

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13
Q

What is a Arrhenius Base

A

A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions

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14
Q

What is a Arrhenius strong acid

A

A strong acid dissociates almost fully in aqueous solution

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15
Q

What is a Arrhenius string base

A

Dissociates almost fully in aqueous solution

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16
Q

What is a Arrhenius weak base

A

A weak acid dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution

17
Q

What is a Arrhenius weak base

A

weak base dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution

18
Q

Limitations of Arrhenius theory

A

Limited to diluted aqueous solutions
Not all acid-based reactions occur in solution
H+ ions react with H2O to form hydronium ions (H3O+). Therefore, hydronium ions (H3O+) rather than H+ ions as suggested by Arrhenius, exist in solution

19
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid

A

An acid is a proton donor

20
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base

A

A base is a proton acceptor

21
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger acid

A

A good proton donor

22
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker acid

A

Poor proton donor

23
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger base

A

A good proton acceptor

24
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker base

A

A poor proton acceptor

25
Q

What does Amphoteric discribe

A

A substance which can act as either an acid or a base. Eg water

26
Q

Advantages of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory over Arrhenius theory

A

Not limited to aqueous solutions.
Explains how substances can be amphoteric.
Defines a larger range of substances as acids or bases.
Takes into account the existence of hydronium ions

27
Q

What is a conjugate (acid/base) pair

A

A conjugate (acid/base) pair is two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)

28
Q

The stonger an acid the —— its conjugate base

A

Weaker

29
Q

The stonger an base the —— its conjugate acid

A

Weaker

30
Q

Neutralisation

A

The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water

31
Q

What is a salt

A

A substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion

32
Q

Use of neutralisation reactions in Medcine

A

Relief from excess HCL can be obtained by taking an antacid

33
Q

Use of neutralisation reactions in Agriculture

A

Lime is spread on fields to form calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide neutralises the acid (sulfuric acid ) in the soil increasing crop yield

34
Q

Use of neutralisation reactions in Envirmental protection

A

Lime is added to lakes in places which suffer from acid rainfall to neutralise the acid in lakes

35
Q

Use of neutralisation reactions in miscellaneous

A

Toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralise the plaque (acidic) in your mouth

36
Q

What does it mean to dissociate

A

A molecule breaks down into its individual +and - ions

37
Q

What is an alkali

A

A base that dissolves in water

Chemistry (27 decks)

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