Acids and Bases Flashcards by Sara li

what is produced when an acid reacts with metal

Salt + H2

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what is produced when an acid reacts with a base

Salt and water

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what is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate

salt + water + CO2

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What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid

metal + acid= salt + hydrogen

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What does the speed of a rection depend on?

How high up in the reactivity series it is

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What is the Lab test for Hydrogen

A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen.
The flame ignites the hydrogen, which burns explosively to make a loud sound

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What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid

An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic acid and give an example

Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce one H+ ion
Eg HCl

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic acid and give an example

Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce two H+ ions
Eg H2SO4

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic acid, and give an example

Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce three H+ ions
Eg H3PO4

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What does the H+ ion react with water to form

Hydronium ion

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What is the general formula for the dissociation of acids in water

H(acid) +H2O = H3O+(Acid)-

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What is a Arrhenius Base

A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic base and give an example

Each molecule dissociates to produce one OH- ion in solution
eg.NaOH

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic base and give an example

Each molecule dissociates to produce two OH- ion in solution
eg.Ca(OH)2

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic base and give an example

Each molecule dissociates to produce three OH- ion in solution
eg.Al(OH)3

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What is a Arrhenius strong acid

A strong acid dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions

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What is a Arrhenius strong base

Dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions

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What is a Arrhenius weak acid

A weak acid dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions

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What is a Arrhenius weak base

weak base dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions

Limitations of Arrhenius theory

Limited to diluted aqueous solutions
Not all acid-based reactions occur in solution
Did not take into account Hydronium ions

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid

An acid is a proton donor

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base

A base is a proton acceptor

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger acid

A good proton donor

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker acid

Poor proton donor

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger base

A good proton acceptor

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker base

A poor proton acceptor

What does Amphoteric discribe, name an example

A substance which can act as either an acid or a base. Eg water

Advantages of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory over Arrhenius theory

Not limited to aqueous solutions. Explains how substances can be amphoteric. Defines a larger range of substances as acids or bases. Takes into account the existence of hydronium ions

Name examples of a strong acid

HCl, sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Name examples of a strong Base

sodium hydroxide ( NaOH)

Name examples of a weak acid

ethanoic acid ( CH3COOH)

Name examples of a weak base

Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)

What is a conjugate (acid/base) pair

A conjugate (acid/base) pair is two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)

The stonger an acid the —— its conjugate base

Weaker

The stonger an base the —— its conjugate acid

Weaker

What is a conjugate acid

the substance formed when a base accepts a proton

if asked to give the conjugate acid, you are given the...

Base. Make it accept a proton to get the conjugate acid

What is a conjugate base

substance formed when an acid donates a proton

if asked to give the conjugate base, you are given the...

Acid. Remove a proton from it to get the conjugate base

Neutralisation

The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water

What is a salt

A substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion

Use of neutralisation reactions in Medcine

Relief from excess HCL can be obtained by taking an antacid ( alkali tablets)

Use of neutralisation reactions in Agriculture

Lime (CaO) is spread on fields to neutralises the acid in the soil increasing crop yield

Use of neutralisation reactions in Envirmental protection

Lime is added to lakes in places which suffer from acid rainfall to neutralise the acid in lakes

Use of neutralisation reactions in miscellaneous

Toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralise the plaque (acidic) in your mouth vinegar is an acid that neutralises the alkali sting of wasps

What does it mean to dissociate

A molecule breaks down into its individual +and - ions

What is an alkali

A base that dissolves in water

What is the conjugate base of OH-?

O 2-