Acids and Bases Flashcards
what is produced when an acid reacts with metal
Salt + H2
what is produced when an acid reacts with a base
Salt and water
what is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate
salt + water + CO2
What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid
metal + acid= salt + hydrogen
What does the speed of a rection depend on?
How high up in the reactivity series it is
What is the Lab test for Hydrogen
A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen.
The flame ignites the hydrogen, which burns explosively to make a loud sound
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid
An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions
What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic acid and give an example
Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce one H+ ion
Eg HCl
What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic acid and give an example
Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce two H+ ions
Eg H2SO4
What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic acid, and give an example
Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce three H+ ions
Eg H3PO4
What does the H+ ion react with water to form
Hydronium ion
What is the general formula for the dissociation of acids in water
H(acid) +H2O = H3O+(Acid)-
What is a Arrhenius Base
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic base and give an example
Each molecule dissociates to produce one OH- ion in solution
eg.NaOH
What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic base and give an example
Each molecule dissociates to produce two OH- ion in solution
eg.Ca(OH)2
What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic base and give an example
Each molecule dissociates to produce three OH- ion in solution
eg.Al(OH)3
What is a Arrhenius strong acid
A strong acid dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions
What is a Arrhenius strong base
Dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions
What is a Arrhenius weak acid
A weak acid dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions
What is a Arrhenius weak base
weak base dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions
Limitations of Arrhenius theory
Limited to diluted aqueous solutions
Not all acid-based reactions occur in solution
Did not take into account Hydronium ions
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid
An acid is a proton donor
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base
A base is a proton acceptor
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger acid
A good proton donor
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker acid
Poor proton donor
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger base
A good proton acceptor
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker base
A poor proton acceptor
What does Amphoteric discribe, name an example
A substance which can act as either an acid or a base. Eg water
Advantages of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory over Arrhenius theory
Not limited to aqueous solutions.
Explains how substances can be amphoteric.
Defines a larger range of substances as acids or bases.
Takes into account the existence of hydronium ions
Name examples of a strong acid
HCl, sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Name examples of a strong Base
sodium hydroxide ( NaOH)
Name examples of a weak acid
ethanoic acid ( CH3COOH)
Name examples of a weak base
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
What is a conjugate (acid/base) pair
A conjugate (acid/base) pair is two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)
The stonger an acid the —— its conjugate base
Weaker
The stonger an base the —— its conjugate acid
Weaker
What is a conjugate acid
the substance formed when a base accepts a proton
if asked to give the conjugate acid, you are given the…
Base. Make it accept a proton to get the conjugate acid
What is a conjugate base
substance formed when an acid donates a proton
if asked to give the conjugate base, you are given the…
Acid. Remove a proton from it to get the conjugate base
Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water
What is a salt
A substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion
Use of neutralisation reactions in Medcine
Relief from excess HCL can be obtained by taking an antacid ( alkali tablets)
Use of neutralisation reactions in Agriculture
Lime (CaO) is spread on fields to neutralises the acid in the soil increasing crop yield
Use of neutralisation reactions in Envirmental protection
Lime is added to lakes in places which suffer from acid rainfall to neutralise the acid in lakes
Use of neutralisation reactions in miscellaneous
Toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralise the plaque (acidic) in your mouth
vinegar is an acid that neutralises the alkali sting of wasps
What does it mean to dissociate
A molecule breaks down into its individual +and - ions
What is an alkali
A base that dissolves in water
What is the conjugate base of OH-?
O 2-
