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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

what is produced when an acid reacts with metal

A

Salt + H2

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2
Q

what is produced when an acid reacts with a base

A

Salt and water

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3
Q

what is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate

A

salt + water + CO2

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4
Q

What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid

A

metal + acid= salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

What does the speed of a rection depend on?

A

How high up in the reactivity series it is

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6
Q

What is the Lab test for Hydrogen

A

A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen.
The flame ignites the hydrogen, which burns explosively to make a loud sound

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7
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid

A

An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions

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8
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic acid and give an example

A

Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce one H+ ion
Eg HCl

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9
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic acid and give an example

A

Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce two H+ ions
Eg H2SO4

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10
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic acid, and give an example

A

Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce three H+ ions
Eg H3PO4

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11
Q

What does the H+ ion react with water to form

A

Hydronium ion

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12
Q

What is the general formula for the dissociation of acids in water

A

H(acid) +H2O = H3O+(Acid)-

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13
Q

What is a Arrhenius Base

A

A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions

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14
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic base and give an example

A

Each molecule dissociates to produce one OH- ion in solution
eg.NaOH

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15
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic base and give an example

A

Each molecule dissociates to produce two OH- ion in solution
eg.Ca(OH)2

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16
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic base and give an example

A

Each molecule dissociates to produce three OH- ion in solution
eg.Al(OH)3

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17
Q

What is a Arrhenius strong acid

A

A strong acid dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions

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18
Q

What is a Arrhenius strong base

A

Dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions

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19
Q

What is a Arrhenius weak acid

A

A weak acid dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions

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20
Q

What is a Arrhenius weak base

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A

weak base dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions

21
Q

Limitations of Arrhenius theory

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A

Limited to diluted aqueous solutions
Not all acid-based reactions occur in solution
Did not take into account Hydronium ions

22
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid

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A

An acid is a proton donor

23
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base

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A

A base is a proton acceptor

24
Q

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger acid

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A

A good proton donor

25
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker acid
Poor proton donor
26
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger base
A good proton acceptor
27
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker base
A poor proton acceptor
28
What does Amphoteric discribe, name an example
A substance which can act as either an acid or a base. Eg water
29
Advantages of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory over Arrhenius theory
Not limited to aqueous solutions. Explains how substances can be amphoteric. Defines a larger range of substances as acids or bases. Takes into account the existence of hydronium ions
30
Name examples of a strong acid
HCl, sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
31
Name examples of a strong Base
sodium hydroxide ( NaOH)
32
Name examples of a weak acid
ethanoic acid ( CH3COOH)
33
Name examples of a weak base
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
34
What is a conjugate (acid/base) pair
A conjugate (acid/base) pair is two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)
35
The stonger an acid the —— its conjugate base
Weaker
36
The stonger an base the —— its conjugate acid
Weaker
37
What is a conjugate acid
the substance formed when a base accepts a proton
38
if asked to give the conjugate acid, you are given the...
Base. Make it accept a proton to get the conjugate acid
39
What is a conjugate base
substance formed when an acid donates a proton
40
if asked to give the conjugate base, you are given the...
Acid. Remove a proton from it to get the conjugate base
41
Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water
42
What is a salt
A substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion
43
Use of neutralisation reactions in Medcine
Relief from excess HCL can be obtained by taking an antacid ( alkali tablets)
44
Use of neutralisation reactions in Agriculture
Lime (CaO) is spread on fields to neutralises the acid in the soil increasing crop yield
45
Use of neutralisation reactions in Envirmental protection
Lime is added to lakes in places which suffer from acid rainfall to neutralise the acid in lakes
46
Use of neutralisation reactions in miscellaneous
Toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralise the plaque (acidic) in your mouth vinegar is an acid that neutralises the alkali sting of wasps
47
What does it mean to dissociate
A molecule breaks down into its individual +and - ions
48
What is an alkali
A base that dissolves in water
49
What is the conjugate base of OH-?
O 2-

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