Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the mass number

A

atomic mass number is the total number of nucleons. (n + p)

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2
Q

what is the atomic number

A

no. of protons

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3
Q

formula for neutrons

A

atomic mass - atomic number

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4
Q

what are isotopes

A

atomic of the same element that have the same number of protns but the number of neutrons can be differnet.
Same no of p and diff no of n are called istopes

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5
Q

what forces are present within a nuclues

A

electrostatic and strong nucleur

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6
Q

what happens with electrostatic forces within nuclues

A

there is a repulsive force
force can act over large distance
repulsion betwween p+ can tear nuclues apart

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7
Q

what happens with strong nucluer force within nuclues

A

it is a force of attraction that holds nuclues together
strong nuclues force exists between every nucleon
is stronger than electrostatic force and it acts over very short distances

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8
Q

what is spontaneous transmutation

A

an unstable nuclues may become stable by changing into a differnet element, releasing a particle as it does so. This process is called spontaneous transmutation. and they emit particles and or radiation that are said to be radioactive

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9
Q

what is alpha decay

A

when a heavy unstable nucleus undergoes radioative decay, it may eject an alpha particle

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10
Q

what is beta minus decay

A

it happens when an unstable atom has a relatively large number of neutrons (n>p)
the neutrons splits into a proton, an electron (b-) and an antinuetrino

proton stays in nuclues and other two are emitted

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11
Q

what is beta positive decay

A

it happens when p>n in an atom
proton decays into a neutron, positron and neutrino
neutron stays in nuclues and the other two are emitted

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12
Q

what is a positron

A

charge of proton
mass of electron

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13
Q

what is gamma decay

A

photons (packets of electromagnetic energy) of energy short wavelengths

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14
Q

when does gamma decay happen

A

when an unstable atomic nuclei dissipates energy by spontaneously emitting gamma rays

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15
Q

why can a nucleus be stable

A

when there is a balance between repulseive electrostatic force and attractive strong nuclear force

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