RADIO COMMS QPAL Flashcards
The SENIOR WIRELESS OPERATOR who tRANSMITTED THE DISTRESS CALL In Titanic
JOHN PHILLIPS
this laws form the fundamental principles of circuit analysis.
KIRCHHOFF’S CIRCUIT LAWS
By applying Kirchhoff’s CIRCUIT LAWS alongside equations for specific components like ________, we possess the essential means to begin analyzing circuits.
resistors, capacitors, and inductors
GERMAN PHYSICIST
KONIGSBERG, PRUSSIA
CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY
GUSTAVROBERT KIRCHHOFF
GUSTAVROBERT
KIRCHHOFF BIRTHDAY
BORN ON MARCH 12, 1824
According to the first
law, the total
current entering a
junction or a node is
equal to the charge
leaving the node as
no charge is lost.
KIRCHHOFF’S FIRST LAW “CURRENT LAW”
The current is the
flow of charge past
some point.
KIRCHHOFF’S FIRST LAW “CURREN TLAW”
If the current does
not leak out along
the way, the current
in both components
must be the same,
and we write I1 = I2
KIRCHHOFF’S FIRST LAW “CURREN TLAW”
The voltage around a loop equals the sum of every voltage drop in the same loop for any closed network and equals zero.
KIRCHHOFF’S SECOND LAW
“VOLTAGE LAW”
We define voltage by relating electric charge and potential energy. V = E/Q
KIRCHHOFF’S SECOND LAW
“VOLTAGE LAW”
The units of voltage are volts, abbreviated as V. We can think of the voltage as the potential energy per unit charge. Often the voltage is called the potential, and that may help make the connection to potential energy clearer.
KIRCHHOFF’S SECOND LAW
“VOLTAGE LAW”
The number of times the signal makes a complete up an down cycle in one second.
FREQUENCY
The standard unit of measurement used for measuring frequency.
HERTZ(HZ)
Hertz comes from
German physicist
_____________ who
first demonstrated
radio waves.
Heinrich Hertz
A user can tweak the height of the carrier. If an input signal’s height varies with the loudness of a user’s voice and then adds this to the carrier, then the carrier’s amplitude will change corresponding to tho the input signal that’s been fed into it.
AMPLITUDE MODULATION(AM)
Frequency of an input signal can also be changed. If this input signal is added to the pure carrier wave, it will thereby change the frequency of the carrier wave. In that way, users can use changes of frequency to carry speech information.
FREQUENCY MODULATION(FM)
An _____ is
characterized by the
gain, which is the ratio
of output power to input
power. We write the
gain G as G = P/Pi.
amplifier
____ are also used
in transmitters to boost
low-power oscillator
signals.
Amplifiers
Sound waves have low frequencies (kHz) but radio signals are much higher. Receivers use __ to trick these high-frequency signals into dropping down to the lower audio range we can hear.
mixers
___ work by combining two signals and creating two new ones: a higher sum and a lower difference frequency.
Mixers
This is used to prevent unwanted signals from reaching your equipment, whilst allowing the wanted ones to pass through unaffected.
FILTERS
WHERE DOES THE FILTER APPLY?
power supplies, audio electronics, and radio communications.
Filters can be active or passive, and the four main types of filters are
low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and notch/band-reject (though there arE also all-pass filters).
This is a radio receiver design that demodulates the incoming radio signal using synchronous detection driven by a local oscillator whose frequency is identical to, or very close to the carrier frequency of the intended signal.
DIRECT-CONVERSION RECEIVERS
other term of DIRECT-CONVERSION RECEIVERS
homodyne
synchrodyne
zero-IF receiver.
It is a system used in communication devices that operates by converting incoming radio frequency (RF) signals into a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) for easier processing.
SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVERS
SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVERS was invented by ___ during World War I to intercept German radio transmissions.
Howard Armstrong
It is a device that allows communication in amateur radio bands.
NORCAL40A
It combines a transmitter and a receiver in a single unit, allowing
users to both send and receive radio signals within specified frequency
bands.
NORCAL40A
It includes the message in the transmitted signal by varying the amplitude or frequency.
Modulation
used for voice and data coms between crew members, crew and ground personnel, passenger, other ac and ground station
aircraft communication system
used for long dist voice coms
HF system
used for short range voice coms
VHF system
used for control and selection of radios
Radio Management Panels
used for data link communication
ACARS
internal cockpit coms and ground mechanics
flight interphone system
coms between cabin crew and/or pilots
cabin interphone system
ground-based coms for maintenance personnel (on the ground only)
service interphone system
coms between crew and ground mechanics
ground crew system
used for passenger annoucencements from the cockpit to cabin crew station
passenger address system
manages and controls audio signals within the aircraft
audio management system
basic radio wave with no info
carrier wave
voice or data to be transmitted
information signal
combining the carrier wave with the information signal
modulation
varies the carrier’s wave strength based on the information signal
Amplitude Modulation
varies the carrier’s wave frequency based on the information signal
Frequency Modulation
Encoded information ready for ttransmition
Modulation Carrier Wave
elements of radio commnication
transmitter
receiver
transceiver
antenna
HF coms system has these components
HF CONTROL PANEL
HF TRANCEIVER
HF ANTENNA COUPLER
HF ANTENNA
supplies coms over line-of-sight distances. gives coms between airplanes or between ground stations and airplanes
vhf coms system
VHF comms system is tunable in the frequency range of ____
118.00 MHZ to 136.990 mhz
VHF coms system has these components
VHF CONTROL PANEL
VHF TRANCEIVER
VHF ANTENNA
centralize radio coms (VHF and HF) frequency control. the radio coms frequencies are selected and managed using these
radio management panels (RMP)
SATCOM provides more reliable method of coms using ____________ satellite constellation which was orriginally developed for maritime use
International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)
placed in earth’s geostationary orbit above the equator and use similar technology to gps
International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)
data link coms system that lets you transmit msgs and reports between ac and an airline ground station
ACARS
a message or report from the aircraft to the airline ground station is called
downlink
a message or report from the airline ground station to the aircraft is called
uplink
typical ACARS report
crew identification
out,, off, on, in (oooi) times
engine performance
flight status
maintenance items
internal coms system on an aircraft
interphone communication system
3 tyepes of interphone communication system
flight interphone system
cabin interphone system
service interphone system
used to regulate radio communication and radio navigation facilities installed on an aircraft
audio management system
These components are used in various applications, such as amplification, modulation, demodulation, filtering, and signal processing
radio electronic components
Enable the transmission and
reception of radio signals, allowing
for the communication of information
wirelessly.
radio electronic components
The ___ selects the desired radio signal, the amplifier amplifies the signal, the detector extracts the audio signal, and the speaker converts the audio signal to sound.
tuner
process of radio electronic components
- tuner
- amplifier
3.. detector - speaker
2 types of resistor
linear and non linear
a simple part in electronics that
controls the flow of electricity.
resistor
resistance changes when
temperature or voltage is
altered.
linear resistor
a category of linear resistor; These resistors don’t have a fixed
resistance value and can be adjusted using dials, knobs, or screws. They are commonly used in applications like radio receivers to control volume and tone.
variable resistors
a category of linear resistor; These resistors have a set resistance value that cannot be adjusted
FIXED Resistors
examples of linear resistor
potentiometer
trimmers
rheostats
carbon composition resistors
wirewound resistors
thick film resistors
thin film resistors
Values fluctuate based on the temperature and voltage applied, and they don’t adhere strictly to Ohm’s law
non linear resistor
types of non linear resistor
thermistors
varistors
photoresistors
typically refers to the origin or starting point of a signal within the radio circuit.
sources
CONVERTS THE
AMPLIFIED AUDIO
SIGNAL BACK INTO
SOUND WAVES THAT
CAN BE HEARD BY THE
LISTENER.
SPEAKER
Picks up radio
frequency
signals from the
air and converts
them into
electrical signals
that can be
processed by the
radio.
ANTENNA
Rectifies the modulated
signal to extract the audio
or data signal from the
carrier wave.
detector
AMPLIFIES THE AUDIO
SIGNAL TO DRIVE A
SPEAKER OR
HEADPHONES, MAKING
THE SOUND AUDIBLE.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER
generates a local ___ signal that mixes with the incoming RF signal to produce on intermediate frequenct (IF) signal
oscillator
PROVIDES THE NECESSARY
ELECTRICAL POWER TO ALL THE
COMPONENTS OF THE RADIO.
POWER SUPPLY
DIALS, SWITCHES, AND BUTTONS THAT ALLOW THE USER TO TUNE INTO DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES, ADJUST VOLUME, AND CONTROL OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE RADIO.
CONTROL INTERFACE
CAN COMBINE MULTIPLE
COMPONENTS INTO A SINGLE
PACKAGE, REDUCING THE SIZE AND COMPLEXITY OF THE RADIO.
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
USED THROUGHOUT THE RADIO CIRCUITRY FOR IMPEDANCE
MATCHING, TUNING, FILTERING, AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING.
RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, AND INDUCTORS
ACTIVE COMPONENTS LIKE ___ ARE USED FOR AMPLIFICATION, SWITCHING, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
TRANSISTOR
A device or circuit
used to split or divide
an input signal into
multiple outputs,
each carrying a
fraction of the
original signal’s
power or frequency.
POWER DIVIDER
Combine quarter-wave
transmission lines and
resistors.
HYBRID/WILKINSON
its core functionality lies in its ability to rectify phase imbalances commonly encountered in analog setups
look back resistance
Branch of physics and
electrical engineering
that deals with the
emission, behavior, and
effects of electrons
and electronic devices.
electronics
refers to the internal circuitry of radio equipment
radio electronics
______ are simple passive
devices that can store an
electrical charge on their
plates when connected to a
voltage source.
Capacitors
the material will
polarise when in contact with
an electric field.
“Dielectric”
A capacitor is created out of ___ and an insulating material called a ____.
two metal plates ,,, dielectric
types of capacitors
Ceramic
Aluminum and Tantalum Electrolytic
Supercapacitors
is a basic electronic circuit
composed of a resistor and a
capacitor wired together. These circuits are widely used in radio electronics for various purposes such as filtering, tuning, and timing.
RC circuit / resistor-capacitor circuit,
A _____ is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction.
diode
types of diodes
rectifier diode
zener diode
light-emitting diode (LED)
An ____ is a passive
electronic component that
stores energy in the form of a
magnetic field when an electric
current flows through it.
inductor
The unit of inductance is
the henry (H), named after
the American scientist ____
Joseph Henry.
characteristics and application of inductor
Energy Storage
Filtering
Signal Processing
Choking
Inductive Kick
types of inductors
- Power Inductor
- RF Inductor
- Choke Inductor
- Multilayer Inductor
- Molded Inductor
- Variable Inductor
- Ferrerite Inductor
- C Mode Inductor
_____ is a type of
inductor designed specifically for use in radio frequency (RF) and high-frequency circuits.
RF Inductor, also known as a Radio
Frequency inductor or RF choke,
types of RF inductor
Air-core Inductors
Ferrite Inductors
Toroid Inductors
Chip Inductors
These are the simplest type,
consisting of a coil of wire wound
around a form that does not have
a magnetic core.
Air-core Inductors
These inductors use a ___ core
to concentrate the magnetic field,
which increases the inductance
compared to air-core inductors.
Ferrite Inductors
These inductors have a donut-
shaped ferrite core with the wire wound around the core.
Toroid Inductors
These are tiny surface mount
inductors that are made using
semiconductor fabrication
techniques..
Chip Inductors
WHILE __ ARE USED IN RECTIFICATION AND SIGNAL MODULATION/DEMODULATION PROCESSES.
DIODES
