AMS - PRELIM Flashcards by Mary Stiffany Jade Arnisto

aircraft communication started in

1912

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started with aerial communication/aerial telegraphy, started as two way radio

1912

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Gives information about the location of the aircraft, altitude, speed and flight number

Transponder

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color paddles & hand signals example of visual aid

wireless communication

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usually used in military

Morse code

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Since 1912, royal flying course started the ____ in aircraft.

wireless telegraphy

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who was the lieutenant when the royal flying corps experimented the wireless telegraphy

Lieutenant James

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When was Lieutenant James Died and why

July 13, 1915 binaril

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first person to hear a voice from the ground using wireless communication

Capt. J.M Furnival

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When was the first person to to hear a voice from the ground when Major Prince said “If you can hear me now it will be the first time speech has ever been communicated to an aeroplane in flight.”

April 1915

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the world’s first air-to-ground voice transmission took place at Brooklands (England) over about 20miles (ground-to-air was initially by morse but it is believed two-way voice communications was being achieved during ____)

June 1915

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how many miles the first air-to-ground voice transmission communication

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When was the Marconi Company located in England started production of air-to-ground radio transmitters used in war over france

1916

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in what year the AT&T invented the first American air-to-ground radio transmitter. They tested this device at Langley Field in Virginia and found it was a viable technology.

1917

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this company experimented radio/air-to-ground transmitter in Langley Field

AT & T (american Company)

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General George Squier of the U.S. Army Signal Corps contacted AT&T to develop an air-to-ground radio with a range of 2,000 yards. By July 4 of that same year AT&T technicians achieved two-way communication between pilots and ground personnel.

May 1917

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who was the General when they achieved two way communication between pilot and ground personnel in 2000 yards

Gen. George Squier (US Army)

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What year in France, two-way radio transmitter was installed in biplanes

1919

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that airborne radios were reliable enough and had enough power to make them viable to be standard in all planes. Until this point only planes designated for scout missions required radios.

1930

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On 15 November 1938 the _____ was established, this system was a point-to-point communications system used by the Army Air Corps.

Army Airways Communications System (AACS)

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Radar Stations are originated in ___

Britain

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When was the advance air-to-ground communication and radar was started. weather, METAR reports, AC identification are identifies

after WW2/ 1938

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Single seat aircraft such as the Spitfire and Hurricane were equipped mostly with the

T1155

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The Royal Air Force used the ____ combination in most of its larger aircraft, particularly the **Avro Lancaster and Short Sunderland. **

R1155/T1154 receiver/transmitter

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enabled Special Operations Executive agents working behind enemy lines to communicate with friendly aircraft and coordinate landings and the dropping of agents and supplies

Eureka & S-phone

Ultra High Frequency

300 - 3000 Mhz

Very High Frequency

30-300 MHz, 1-10 meters - air-to-ground

High Frequency -

3-30 MHz - TCAS, amateur radio, govt station (3.95 - 25.82 MHZ)

Medium Frequency

300 - 3,000 kHz

Using High Frequency what is the frequency of viation communications, government time stations, weather stations, amateur radio, citizen band services, etc.

3.95 - 25.82 MHZ

Low Frequency

30 - 300 kHz

Very Low Frequency

3-30 kHz

Electronic Communication Equipment

Selective Calling

Range of VHF

20 NM

Range of HF

pag nasa/ within the ground lang

1,000 (range: 30 miles from the airport ) to 10,000 ft (range: 135 miles from the airport)

line of sight communication

aircraft antennas

weather radar vhf atc-tcas gps dme localizer vor glide slope

the **VOR and the Instrument Landing System** Localizer are used as air navigation beacons.

108 - 118 MHZ

used as **Airband** (the VHF radio spectrum used in civil aviation) for air traffic control, AM,

118-137 MHZ

Emergency Frequency

121.5 Mhz

VHF consists of:

- VHF Transceiver - Control head - antenna - a/c audio system interface

When is the AM voicce communication is used?

ground

When is the VHF communication is used?

light aircraft VHF

mode of transponder that transmits identification

MODE A

mode of transponder that transmits altitude and flight level

MODE C

mode of transponder that transmits altitude capability and data exchange. mandatory requirement for controlled airspace

MODE S

AC Hijacked

7500

Lost Communication/Radio Failure

7600

Emergency

7700

was first made possible by the development of two-way aerial telegraphy in 1912, soon followed by two-way radio.

Air-to-ground communication

By World War II, It has become the chief medium of air-to-ground and air-to-air communication.

radar

The early days of flight proved quite difficult for air-to-ground communication. Ground crews would rely on ______. This was effective for ground crews, but **it offered no way for pilots to communicate back.**

colored paddles, hand signs and other visual aids.

In the beginning of World War I planes were not outfitted with radios, so soldiers used ___ to distinguish friendly forces. These could also be used as a directional device to help pilots navigate back to friendly airfields.

large panel cut outs

___ used a plunger to complete an electric circuit. When the circuit was completed it sent out a signal as a dot or a dash. By depressing the plunger devise in a rhythmic pattern a telegraph operator could spell out words, with each dot-dash sequence representing a corresponding letter in a word. Using this technology planes were **able to call in accurate artillery fire and act as forward observers.**

Telegraphs

In the ___, Lieutenant James had begun to experiment with radios in a B.E.2a. James brought the science of wireless in aircraft to a high state of efficiency

spring 1913

It allowed army air fields to remain in contact with planes throughout their entire flight. It could also be used to disseminate weather reports and orders to military aircraft and act as an air traffic control for arrivals and departures at military airfields.

Army Airways Communications System (AACS)

____ could be used to track planes in the air and determine distance, direction, speed and even type of aircraft. This allowed for better air traffic control as well as navigation aides for pilots. It also proved to be a valuable tool in targeting for bombers.

Radar

Most planes in the US and all Commercial planes carry a device known as a ____. It acts as an identification tool for aircraft allowing ATC towers to immediately recognize the identity of each plane.

transponder

These planes are known as unmanned aerial vehicles or more commonly UAVs. The US military uses several types of UAVs, these include the ___

Predator, Reaper and Global Hawk drones

Military personnel also rely heavily on visual aides to distinguish themselves and enemy. All Army ACU uniforms include what are known as ____which when viewed through night vision goggles glow bright, US Helicopter pilots can distinguish between soldiers on the ground and the enemy by these tabs.

IR tabs

Army Pathfinders also use ____ to mark suitable landing areas for helicopters.

colored smoke, brightly colored panels and inferred strobe lights

A ____ between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate. **Emergency position-indicating radio beacon** stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies (ICAO).

mobile service

The ____ is a service reserved for air-ground communications related with the safety and regularity of flights, flying primarily along national or international civil air routes.

Aeronautical Mobile Service

In areas like the North Atlantic, where VHF coverage is insufficient due to range limitation to cover all portions of the routes flown, the use of **HF frequencies are necessary because they provide long range communications coverage**, not only for air-ground voice communications, but also for the ____

broadcast of ATS or Meteo information.

When the network comprises a large number of stations, network communications for flights on any individual route segment should be provided by selected stations, termed “____” for that segment

regular stations

____ will be those serving the locations immediately concerned with flights on that route segment, i.e. points of takeoff and landing and appropriate flight information centers or area control centers.

regular station

the voice call is replaced by the transmission of coded tones to the aircraft over the radiotelephony channels

SELCAL

A single selective call consists of a combination of ___ tones whose transmission requires approximately two seconds.

four pre-selected audio

there are occasions when **two or more aircraft having the same code may be operating in the same general area, and may respond to the same transmission.** Therefore, SELCAL should not be used as a ___

substitute for proper voice identification procedures.

___ are based on analog voice on either Very High Frequency (VHF) or High Frequency (HF) radio waves.

Traditional aircraft communications

High frequency (HF) or ___ is the designation of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) for the range of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz)

decameter band

High Frequency (HF) is routinely continuing to work for thousands of miles for two specific reasons. HF signals are reflected earth by ionized layers ___

60 to 200 miles above the earth’s modern.

HF transmitters using a __, it process that puts virtually all of the transmitter’s power in the audio signal, providing about eight times the “talking” power of the basic am transmitter.

single-sideband

Typical aircraft High-Frequency communication systems consist of: ____ located in the **radio rack, and antenna coupler located in the immediate area of the antenna**

control head located in the cockpit, HF transceiver and power amplifier

The ___ used on the older aircraft consisted simply of an insulated copper wire extended from the fuselage utilizing an electric motor that adjusted the resonant length of the antenna to match the frequency transmitted or received.

HF antennas

The HF system consists of :

HF receiver-transmitter HF control unit antenna coupler system antenna receiver-transmitter.

are the most widely used systems for maintaining contact between ground and aircraft.

VHF communication systems

VHF uses the ___, which translates to a range of approximately thirty miles for aircraft operating at 1,000 feet above ground level, or approximately 135 miles for aircraft operating at 10,000 feet.

"Line Of Sight” transmission

___ is a solid-state or digital device capable of receiving or transmitting either of the COMM frequency range’s 720 channels.

VHF transceiver

The ___ are low-drag stub units that extend from the top and bottom center of the aircraft.

VHF antennas

is an electronic device that generates a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation.

transponder

Aeronautical Mobile Service Roles:

to provide continuous en-route air ground communication to international flights within the region. Provides assistance to area control center in the handling of flights which are out of their coverage area. Provides departure message of international flights to any destination in the world. Coordinates with adjacent stations within their network. Provides weather information and any other pertinent information that may be of importance to air safety.

5 Working Positions

Supervisor’s position Central west pacific position (CWP 1& 2) Southeast Asia Position (SEA2) Flight Data Position Sector Coordinator Position

Directions, supervisions and coordination of activities of Mania AMS during a designated shift.

Supervisor’s Position

For insuring the provisions of continuous en-route air-ground communication coverage and network service to all international flights within CWP area.

Central West Pacific 1 & 2

For ensuring the provision of continuous en-route air ground communication coverage and network service to all international flights within SEA area.

Southeast Asia 2 (SEA 2)

Receipt of all the messages addressed to the station and take appropriate actions on its messages are required.

Flight Data Position

Responsible for coordinating all aircraft request from the HF sector operator to Manila ACC or vice versa.

Sector Coordination Position

Receives and relays all necessary messages in connection with flight safety to sector personnel/ concerned station and Assist sector personnel whenever possible.

Sector Coordination Position

An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service are provided.

Flight Information Region

Area of Responsibility of AEROMOBILE SERVICE-MLA RADIO

(200 NM and Beyond)

Area of Responsibility of ACC ENROUTE

(50 – 200 NM and Beyond at 1,300ft and Above)

Area of Responsibility of APPROACH CONTROL RADAR

6 – 60NM at 1,200 – 11,000ft

Area of Responsibility of AERODROME CONTROL TOWER

15NM up to but not including 12,000ft)