Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring 2020 - Chemistry & Physics > Radiation - Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Radiation - Quiz 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Conduction heat exchange?

A

Heat transfer thru physical contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Convection Heat Exchange?

A

Heat transfer via movement of matter

EX: Hand over flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Radiation Heat Exchange?

A

Heat transfer involving Electromagnetic Waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are Electromagnetic waves produced?

A

Acceleration of Charged Particles

Wave-Like & Particle-Like Properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electromagnetic waves also act like small packets of energy, also known as?

A

Photons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Energy Conservation, How does the Total energy in an Isolated System change?

A

Total Energy is the kinetic energy & the mass equivalent - total energy remains constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Radioactive Decay?

A

Spontaneous process where an unstable nucleas goes from high energy to low energy

Happens when repulsive forces > attractive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Radionuclide?

A

A nuclide that undergoes Radioactive Decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What determines the Electromagnetic Radiation’s effect on Matter?

A

Energy of the Photon(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Non-Ionizing Radiation?

A

When photons dont have enough energy to ionize matter and the energy just gets absorbed by matter, causing an increase of internal energy

EX: Microwave, Infrared, UV Radiation, Visible LIght

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is actually happening when matter is exposed to Non-Ionizing Radiation and the energy is absorbed?

A

Rotation, Vibration, or Excitation of Electrons inside the molecule or atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Microwaves do to Atoms & Molecules?

A

Atoms: Nothing

Molecules: Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Infrared do to Atoms & Molecules?

A

Atoms: Nothing

Molecules: Rotation & Vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Visible Light & UV Light do to Atoms & Molecules?

A

Rearrange electrons for both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is Ionizing Radiation more Dangerous than Non-Ionizing Radiation?

A

Ionizing Radiation has enough energy to Break Chemical Bonds

EX: X-rays, Gamma Rays, Alpha/Beta Particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 Sources of Radioactive Material?

A

Primordial - exists from beginning of time

Cosmogenic - Radiation from space

Anthropogenic - From environment d/t human activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Unit in which radiation Exposure is measured?

A

Roentgen (R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Absorbed Dose of Radiation?

A

Amt of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass

(rad: radiation-absorbed dose is an older unit used)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At the most basic level, what does Ionizing Radiation do to Atoms & Molecules?

A

Removes Electrons from Atoms & Molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cells are highly sensitive to radiation?

A

Cells that divide frequently - bone marrow, embryos, male gonads, tumors, CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the term for Bioligical Effects due to Radiation Exposure?

A

Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the products made when Radiation interacts with the water in our cells?

A

Ions, Free Radicals, and Excited atoms/molecules that can indirectly lead to DNA damage

Ionizing Radiation can directly lead to DNA damage

23
Q

What is the term used for effects or mutations from Radiation Exposure passed on to future generations?

A

Genetic Effects

24
Q

What are Tissue Weighting Factors (WT)?

A

Way to determine various radiation sensitivity of different tissue & organs

25
Q

What is the Tissue Weighting Factor for Gonads?

A

WT = 0.20

26
Q

What is the Tissue Weighting Factor for Bone Marrow & Lung?

A

WT = 0.12

27
Q

What is the Tissue Weighting Factor for Bladder, Breast, Liver and Thyroid?

A

WT = 0.05

28
Q

What is the Tissue Weighting Factor for Skin?

A

WT = 0.01

29
Q

What is the ALARA Principle?

A

_A_s _L_ow _A_s _R_easonably _A_chievable

30
Q

What do Dosimeters, film badges, and finger rings do?

A

Monitors Occupation Dose of Ionizing Radiation exposure

31
Q

What are three ways to enforce the ALARA principle?

A

Time

Distance

Shielding

32
Q

What is the Inverse Square Law?

A

Dose is Proportional to the Inverse of the Square of the Radius

Double the distance = reduces 4x the radiation

33
Q

What is the basic concept of Waves?

A

Periodic ripples, disturbances, or movement of energy

34
Q

What are the types of Waves?

A
  • Transverse Waves - moves up and down (perpendicular)
    • EX: Electromagnetic Waves
  • Longitudinal Waves - moves back and forth (parallel) and causes compression & decompression (Rarefaction)
    • Sound waves
35
Q

What is Wave Frequency?

A

Waves/Cycles per second measured in Hertz (Hz)

36
Q

What is Wavelength?

A

Distance from one wave crest to the next

37
Q

How far the wave “slides” is also known as its?

A

Period or Phase Shift

38
Q

What is the Wave Amplitude?

A

Height of the wave

39
Q

What unit is the Speed of the Wave measured?

A

Meters per Second

40
Q

What is the bottom of the Wave called?

A

Trough

41
Q

What kind of waves can be Refracted, Diffracted or Absorbed by other waves?

A

Pressure Waves (Sound Waves)

42
Q

What is Wave Reflection?

A

Waves reflect off a medium at same, but opposite angle

43
Q

What is Wave Refraction?

A

Redirection of a wave due to contact w/ a new medium

44
Q

What is Wave Diffraction?

A

Wave Spreading, Scattering, or Bending around an object

45
Q

What happens when Sound Waves interact with certain tissues that cause Attenuation (reduction of amplitude/effect)?

A

Wave is converted to Heat and Dissipates

46
Q

What are the Signal Generators & Signal Transducers of Ultrasonography?

A

Piezoelectric Crystals

47
Q

What is the Resonant Frequency regarding Piezoelectric Crystals?

A

The rate of vibration & pressure fluctuation

Considered a Pressure Wave

48
Q

What is the Doppler Effect?

A

Describes change in frequency of a wave from a moving object

Wave frequency decreases as object moves further away and increases when object gets closer d/t stacking of waves

49
Q

How is the Doppler effect useful clinically?

A

Can determine blood flow direction & speed

50
Q

What is Magnatism?

A

Force b/t electric currents where the charges are aligned in orderly fashion and can disrupt and alter the surrounding environment

51
Q

How does an MRI work?

A
  • Strong continuous magnetic field realigns the spin of protons and delivers a radiofrequency pulse to energize the protons
  • Protons will emit this energy
52
Q

Which MRI Safety Zone poses the greatest risk of Injury?

A

Zone 4 - immediate area around scanner

53
Q

What are the safety guidelines in Zone 4 of the MRI?

A

Ferrous materials must be removed before entering

Special Equipment only

Implanted devices are OK

Spring 2020 - Chemistry & Physics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions