Chemistry Review - Quiz 3

Question 1

What is Chemistry

Answer 1

Study of matter and its changes

Question 2

What is Matter?

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

What are Atoms?

Answer 3

Building block of matter.

Made of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

Positive Charge

Atomic # = # of Protons

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

Neutral Charge

1 amu

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

Negative Charge

Question 7

Ions

Answer 7

Atoms/groups of atoms bonded together with a net charge

Cations: +

Anions: -

Question 8

What are compounds

Answer 8

More than one kind of atom in a fixed ratio by mass

Question 9

Molecules

Answer 9

Groups of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds

Neutral Charge

Question 10

Ionic Compounds

Answer 10

Has both + and - charged ions

Attracted by charge and are not molecules

Question 11

Physical Change

Answer 11

No change in chemical makeup

EX: melting ice

Question 12

Chemical Change

Answer 12

Always makes a chemically different substance

Ex: 2H2O –> 2H2 + O2

Question 13

Physical Property

Answer 13

When you look at it and say what it is

Intensive: Color

Extensive: Size (Volume)

Question 14

What are substances?

Answer 14

Pure materials that can’t be physically separated into simpler components

Chemical and Physical properties are uniform

Compound or Element

Question 15

Mixtures

Answer 15

2 or More Pure Substaances

• Can separate mixture into simpler substances

Question 16

Homogenous

Answer 16

Uniform in physical and chemical properties

EX: Normal saline

Question 17

Heterogenous

Answer 17

Distinct phase boundaries where chemical and/or physical properties change

Ex: Vomit

Question 18

Where are protons and neutrons located?

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

Where are electrons located

Answer 19

Around the nucleus in cloud-like orbitals

Question 20

What has wave-like properties rather than geometric properties?

Answer 20

Atomic Structures

Question 21

All atoms have neutrons except for ?

Answer 21

Hydrogen

Question 22

What determines the atom’s identity?

Answer 22

The Atomic Number = # of Protons

Question 23

How do you get the Mass Number?

Answer 23

Neutrons + Atomic Number

Question 24

What are isotopes?

Answer 24

Same Atomic Number, Different Mass Number

(diff # of neutrons)

Question 25

What is Periodic Law

Answer 25

Properties of elements are periodic fxns of their atomic #

Question 26

On periodic table, what are the verticle columns?

Answer 26

Groups/Families

Have similar chemical and physical properties

Question 27

On the Periodic table, what are the rows

Answer 27

Periods

Adding e^- to energy levels, e^- shells

Element at the end of a period has a full e^- shell

Question 28

Anions

Answer 28

Nearly full e^- shell –> accepts e^-

Question 29

Cation

Answer 29

Nearly empty e^- shell –> release e^-

Question 30

Metals

Answer 30

Mostly on Left Side

Shiny, Ductile, Malleable, Good electric conductors

React to form Cations

Question 31

Non Metals

Answer 31

Mostly on the Right

Liquids, Solids, Gases

Solids are Brittle

Don’t Conduct

Forms Anions

Question 32

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 32

Substance that dissolves in water to give a solution conductivity

Question 33

When does Dissolution happen?

Answer 33

When water interacts effetively with ions

Question 34

Aluminum (Al)

Answer 34

Silvery, White

Low Density

Unnatural/Made

Found in Deodorant

Avoid in Dialysis - body cant eliminate fast

Question 35

Barium (Ba)

Answer 35

Opaque to Xrays

Does not Absorb in GI

Toxic, but excreted easily

Question 36

Bromium

Answer 36

Highly Toxic, naturally occuring liquid

Question 37

Calcium (Ca)

Answer 37

Silvery White

Not natural in nature in elemental form

Muscle contraction, Bone stability

Found in Antacids, Phosphate Binders

Very Constipating –> Magnesium help eliminate

Question 38

Carbon

Answer 38

Graphite & Diamond occur naturally

Activated Charcoal

Highly Versatile

Question 39

Chlorine (Cl)

Answer 39

Toxic Green Gas

Disinfectant

EX: Clorox

Question 40

Chromium (Cr)

Answer 40

Silvery White

Forms Colorful Compounds

Found in stainless steel

Question 41

Copper (Cu)

Answer 41

Red

Great Conductor

Question 42

Flourine (F)

Answer 42

Yellow

Poisonous Gas

Sodium Flouride strengthens teeth

Question 43

Helium (He)

Answer 43

No Color

Inert

MRI Coolant

Question 44

Hydrogen (H)

Answer 44

Most common in the Universe

No Color

Flammable

Question 45

Iodine (I)

Answer 45

Purple/Black

Topical Antiseptics

Antithyroid Meds

Question 46

Iron (Fe)

Answer 46

Found in Hgb to transport O2

Question 47

Lithium (Li)

Answer 47

Silver

Highly Reactive

Mood Stabilizer for Bipolar

Tricks CNS action potential to believe its sodum d/t +1 charge

Question 48

Magnesium (Mg)

Answer 48

Rodney Dangerfield - gets no respek

Silvery White

Important for Cardiac Conduction & K Levels

Tocolytic Therapy (Labor Suppressant for preggos)

Laxative

Question 49

Nitrogen (N)

Answer 49

No Color

No Smell

Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)

Question 50

Oxygen (O)

Answer 50

Reactive Gas

Tends to accept electrons for ATP synthesis

Question 51

Phosphorus (P)

Answer 51

Found in RNA & ATP

Low Phos = Brittle bones & Respiratory Failure

(starvation: insulin picks up glucose with K, Phos, & Mg)

Supplemented in salt forms with K & Na

Question 52

Potassium (K)

Answer 52

Silvery White

Highly Reactive

Important for Muscle Contraction

Inversely related to Insulin

Ace Inhibitor = ↑K

Loop Diuretics = ↓K

Question 53

Sodium (Na)

Answer 53

Muscle Contractions

CNS stability

Water Balance

Question 54

Titanium (Ti)

Answer 54

Gray

Found in Prosthetics

Question 55

Zinc (Zn)

Answer 55

Blue, Silver

Calamine Lotion, Sunblock, Wound healing

Cold relief