Acids, Bases, and Buffers - Quiz 1

Question 1

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 1

• Most chemical rxns are reversible
• Reactants combine to give products
• Products breakdown to give reactants

Question 2

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 2

• When Dynamic Equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to reestablish equilibrium
• Nature likes being in equilibrium
• Changing concentration, temp, etc. disturbs equilibrium
• The system will adjust forward/backward until equilibrium

Question 3

What happens as K increases?

Answer 3

Reactions tends to favor Products

Question 4

What happens as K decreases?

Answer 4

Reaction tends to favor starting materials

Question 5

What is a Bronstead Acid

Answer 5

Proton (Hydrogen Ion) Donor

HCl, H₂SO₄

Question 6

What is a Bronstead Base

Answer 6

Proton (Hydrogen Ion) Acceptor

NaOH, NH₃

Question 7

Conjugate Base

Answer 7

When an acid donates a proton, it becomes its Conjugate Base

H (acid) –> H⁺ + A^- (Conjugate Base)

Question 8

Conjugate Acid

Answer 8

When a base accepts a proton, it becomes its Conjugate Acid

B (base) + H⁺ –> BH⁺ (conjugate acid)

Question 9

What can behave as either an acid or a base?

Answer 9

Amphoteric / Amphiprotic Species

EX: H₂O

Question 10

The stronger the acid the ______ the conjugate base

Answer 10

Weaker

Question 11

The weaker the acid, the ________ the conjugate base

Answer 11

Stronger

Question 12

Weak Acids in Water

Answer 12

Weak acids do NOT ionize 100% in water

Question 13

Weak bases and water

Answer 13

Weak bases establish equilibrium by accepting a proton from water

Question 14

Buffers

Answer 14

Resists changes in pH

May contain weak acid and its conjugate base

Question 15

Henderson-Hasselbach

Answer 15

Equation used to determine ratio of weak acid to its conjugate base at a given pH

When concentration of weak acid equal conjugate base, the pH = pK_a

Question 16

What happens to weak acids as pH falls?

Answer 16

Become more nonionized

Question 17

What happens to weak bases as pH increases?

Answer 17

Weak bases become more nonionized

Question 18

pKa of Drugs

Answer 18

The pKa of a weak acid or weak base is the pH at which 50% is ionized and 50% is nonionized

Question 19

Weak Acid Drugs

Answer 19

Thiopental

Barbiturates

Propofol?

Question 20

Weak Base Drugs

Answer 20

Lidocaine (Locals)

Morphine (Opioids)

Versed (Benzos)

Propofol?

Question 21

Salt + Drug = Acid or Base?

Answer 21

Weak Acid

EX: Sodium pentobarbital