Gas Laws - Quiz 4

Question 1

What are the 4 quantities that describe the state of a gas?

Answer 1

Pressure

Temperature

Volume

Number of Moles

Question 2

What is Standard Temperature & Pressure?

Answer 2

273.15 Kelvin

1 Atm

One Mole of gas @ STP has volume of 22.7 L

Question 3

Boyle’s Law

Answer 3

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Volume is Inversely Related to Pressure

Question 4

Charles’s Law

Answer 4

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Volume is Directly Proportional to Temperature

Question 5

Avagadro’s Law

Answer 5

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

Volume of Gas is Directly Proportional to Number of Gas Molecules

Question 6

What is Avaogadro’s Number?

Answer 6

6.022 x 10²³

Question 7

Gay-Lussacs Law

Answer 7

P₁/T₁ - P₂/T₂

Pressure is Directly Proportional to Temperature

Question 8

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 8

PV = nRT

Ideal Gases Dont Exist

Question 9

What is the Universal Gas Constant (R)?

Answer 9

R = 0.08205 L atm/mol^-1 K^-1

^or

R = 8.314 J/mol/K

Describes relationship b/t Tmperature & Kinetic Energy

Question 10

What does Gas Density Depend on?

Answer 10

Temperature & Pressure

Question 11

Dalton’s Law

Answer 11

Total Pressure of a mix of gases is equal to Sum of the Partial Pressures

P_total = P₁ + P₂ + P₃….

Question 12

How to calculate Mole Fraction?

Answer 12

Divide # moles of a specific gas by the total number of moles in the mixture

Question 13

What does Relatively Humidity measure?

Answer 13

Saturation of Water in Air

RH = Mass of Water in air / Mass of water that will fit in air

Warmer air holds more water

Question 14

As Temperature Decreases, Relative Humidity will _________

Answer 14

Temperature Decrease = Relative Humidity Increase

Question 15

What is the Dew Point?

Answer 15

The temperature at which Relateive Humidity = 100% and where water saturates the air.

Question 16

What is the Kinetic Theory of Gases?

Answer 16

Gas molecules are small and are in constant, random motion frequently bumping into each other and the walls.

Question 17

What does the average Kinetic Energy of gas molecules depend on?

Answer 17

Temperature, Not Gas Identity

Higher Temperature = Higher Motion

Question 18

What is the definition of Gas Pressure?

Answer 18

Force of gas molecules / Volume

Question 19

How is Gas Density calculated?

Answer 19

Mass of gas molecule / Volume occupied by gas

Question 20

What is Internal Energy?

Answer 20

Sum of Kinetic Energy & Potential Energy

Question 21

What is the difference between The Boltzmann Constant & Ideal Gas Constant?

Answer 21

Boltzmann Constant deals with individual molecules

Ideal Gas Constant deals with Moles of Molecules

Question 22

What is Effusion?

Answer 22

Movement of gas through a small opening

Question 23

What is Diffusion?

Answer 23

When something moves from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration

Question 24

Graham’s Law

Answer 24

Rate of Effusion is Inversely Proportional to square root of molecular mass

and depends on Speed of Molecules

(Diffusion Rate inversely propotional to Size of Molecule)

Question 25

Fick’s Law

Answer 25

Rate of Gas Diffusion depends on

• Membrane’s Chemical Properties
• Membrane Surface Area
• Membrane Thickness
• Partial Pressure Gradient

Question 26

How is Diffusion Rate related to Membrane Thickness & Molecular Weight?

Answer 26

Diffusion Rate is Inversely Proportional to membrane thickness & molecular weight

Question 27

Diffusion rate is __________ proportional to Partial Pressure Gradient, Membrane Area, and Solubility of Gas

Answer 27

Diffusion rate is Directly proportional to Partial Pressure Gradient, Membrane Area, and Solubility of Gas

Question 28

What is Diffusion-Limited Gas Exchange

Answer 28

Gas from alveoli to tissues is limited by alevolar membrane

Question 29

What is Perfusion-Limited Gas Exchange?

Answer 29

Gas from alveoli to tissues is limited by rate of blood flow through pulmonary capillaries.

Question 30

What is Diffusion Hypoxia

Answer 30

When anesthetic gases diffuse out of the blood and back into the lungs lowering the O2 concentration.

Question 31

What gas effects can be explained by Fick’s Law?

Answer 31

Concentration Effect

Second Gas Effect

Diffusion Hypoxia

Why N2O increases volume/presure in gas spaces

Question 32

What is the process by which the fetus receives O2 & Drugs?

Answer 32

Simple Diffusion

Question 33

Henry’s Law

Answer 33

The amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid

Question 34

The colder the liquid, the ______ gas will dissolve in the liquid

Answer 34

The colder the liquid, the more gas will dissolve in the liquid

Question 35

Ostwald’s Solubility Coefficient

Answer 35

The Higher the Coefficient, the more readily the gas dissolve in the liquid

Question 36

Meyer Overton

Answer 36

The more lipid soluble the gas, the greater the potency

Question 37

Vander Waals Equation

Answer 37

Since there are no ideal gases, this equation takes into account finite volumes & attraction of gas molecules.

Question 38

What is the Joule-Thompson Effect?

Answer 38

Cooling Effect when fluid expands from high pressure to low pressure

Question 39

What is Adiabatic Compression

Answer 39

Process of compression w/o adding or subtracting heat

Heat is generated, which increases pressure, d/t decrease in volume

Question 40

How does the Soda Lime chemically work?

Answer 40

CO₂ + H₂O ————> H₂CO₃ (Carbonic Acid)

Heat + H₂CO₃ + 2NaOH ————> Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

Na₂CO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium Hydroxide) ————> NaOH + CaCO₃ (Calcium Carbonate)