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Spring 2020 - Chemistry & Physics > Basics of Chemistry & Physics - Session 1 - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Basics of Chemistry & Physics - Session 1 - Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

A

An object at rest remains at rest until a force acts upon it

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2
Q

Velocity

A

How position of object changes with time

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3
Q

Vectors…

A

Have both magnitude and direction, can be added together

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4
Q

Acceleration

A

How velocity changes with time

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5
Q

Force

A

Push or pull, related to mass by Newton’s Second Law. Required for acceleration.

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6
Q

Force Formula

A

F = ma

  • F*: force
  • m*: mass
  • a*: acceleration
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7
Q

Gravity

A

Universal attraction between all objects, related to Newton’s Third Law

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8
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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9
Q

Gravity of Earth

A

9.8 m/s2 = 32.2 ft./s2

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10
Q

Weight

A

Gravitational force exerted on an object by a larger object, calculated using Newton’s Second Law

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11
Q

Formula for Weight

A

W = mg

  • W*: weight
  • m*: mass (kg)
  • g*: gravity (m/s2)
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12
Q

Pressure can be increased by…

A

Increasing applied force or decreasing the area force is applied

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13
Q

Pressure can be decreased by…

A

Decreasing applied force or increasing the area forced is applied

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14
Q

1 atm = ? torr

A

760 torr

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15
Q

760 torr = ? mmHg

A

760 mmHg

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16
Q

Formula for Pressure

A

Pressure = Force/Area

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17
Q

How does a Barometer work?

A

Atomospheric pressure pushes down on mercury reservoir, which forces murcury column higher

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18
Q

How does a Manometer work?

A

Measures pressure differences. Connect one end to system being measured and leave other end open to atomsphere then measure height difference

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19
Q

How does Bourdon Gauge work?

A

Aneroid style gauge commonly found on gas cylinders. Coiled tube coupled to pointer measures difference between pressure exerted by gas and atomspheric pressure.

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20
Q

Ptotal =

A

Pgauge + Patm

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21
Q

Work

A

Expenditure of energy. Force acting through a distance.

22
Q

Formula for Work

A

W = F x d

  • W*: work (J)
  • F*: force
  • d*: distance
23
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

24
Q

Energy

A

Capacity for doing work. Cannot be lost, but converted

25
Q

calorie

A

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius

26
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only converted to other kinds of energy

27
Q

Internal Energy

A

Sum of all kinetic and potential energies of a system

28
Q

Thermodynamics

A

Study of energy, how it is interconverted to different forms, and how it flows in/out of thermodynamic systems

29
Q

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

2 objects A/B are same temperature. B/C are same temperatue. A/C are equal temperature (thermal equilibrium) and no heat will flow between A/C.

30
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Change in internal energy is equal to sum of heat flow of system and work by/on system.

31
Q

Formula for Change in Internal Energy

A

ΔU = Q + W

  • Δ​U*: change internal energy
  • Q*: heat
  • W*: work
32
Q

Endothermic

A

Q > 0

Energy flows into system

33
Q

Exothermic

A

Q < 0

Energy flows out of system

34
Q

Expansion

A

W < 0

Work done by system

35
Q

Compression

A

W > 0

Work done on the system

36
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Heat will spontaneously flow from hot object to cold object. Disorder will never be seen to decrease

37
Q

Entropy

A

Measure of randomness or disorder

38
Q

Third Law of Thermodynamics

A

It is impossible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute 0

39
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

An ideal gas will have a temperature proportional to the kinetic energy of the molecules in that gas sample

40
Q

Heat Capacity

A

Heat required to raise temperature of a given material

41
Q

Types of Heat Transfer

A
  • Radiation 40%
  • Convection 30%
  • Conduction 20%
  • Evaporation 10%
42
Q

Convection

A

Heat transfer caused by movement of liquid or gas

EX: air above heat source/flame

43
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat by direct interaction of molecules in hot area w/ molecules in cooler area. Thermal conductivity of a material is the measure of efficiency

EX: Placing patient on cold table = cools patient

44
Q

Radiation

A

Energy emitted from an object. Requires no physical medium or contact.

45
Q

Evaporation

A

Heat lost through Respiration

46
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

Increase in heat will cause object to expand. Expansion is constant and in all directions

47
Q

Power

A

Rate of doing work or expending energy

48
Q

Forumla for Power (watt)

A

P = W/t

  • P*: average power
  • W*: work
  • t*: time
49
Q

Heat Capacity Formula

A

C = Q/ΔT

50
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

Acceleration depends on two things:

net force acting on object and mass of object

51
Q

Specific Heat

A

Amount of heat (Q) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of material by one degree Celsius

Spring 2020 - Chemistry & Physics (8 decks)

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