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BTM > Radiation Detection > Flashcards

Radiation Detection Flashcards

1
Q

The operation goal of the Maritime Radiation Detection Program is to utilize Coast Guard boardings and inspections as a means to ___ and ___ illicit radioactive materials…”

A

detect and intercept

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2
Q

What device does the Coast Guard use that “… shall be deployed with all Coast Guard Boarding/Inspections teams…” to detect radiation levels?

A

Personal Radiation Detectors (PRD’s)

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

Building blocks of all matter.

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4
Q

Atoms are made of:

A
  1. Protons- Positive charge, part of the nucleus
  2. Neutrons- Neutral charge, part of the nucleus
  3. Electrons- Negative Charge, orbits the nucleus
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5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

A different form of the same element, having a different number of neutrons than what is normal.

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6
Q

What are the four types of Ionizing radiation?

A

Alpha Particles, Beta Particles, X-Rays/Gamma Rays, Neutron Particles

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7
Q

Give the range, hazard type, and shielding for Alpha Particles.

A

Alpha particles have a 1-2in range, internal hazard, shielding is paper, cloth, and skin

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8
Q

Give the range, hazard type, and shielding for Beta particles.

A

Beta particles have a 10ft range, internal and external hazard, shielding is thick clothing, 1/4in aluminum, 1/4in plastic

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9
Q

Give the range, hazard type, and shielding for Gamma/X-Rays.

A

Gamma/X-Rays range is relative to the rate of decay, whole body hazard, shielding is 1in lead, 3in steel, 6in concrete, 9in dirt or water

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10
Q

Give the range, hazard type, and shielding for neutrons.

A

Neutron range is 100ft, whole body hazard, shielding is 10in plastic, 1ft concrete, 3ft dirt or water

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11
Q

Of the four, which two types of radiation is detectable by PRD’s?

A

Gamma/X-Ray and Neutron

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12
Q

Define Background Radiation.

A

Ionizing radiation comes from natural and man-made sources, and is always present in the environment. Will be lower over water.

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13
Q

Define Neutron Ship Effect.

A

An increase in the neutron background generated by cosmic rays near large masses of metal, such as ship hulls.

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14
Q

Can our 5 senses detect any form of radiation?

A

No.

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15
Q

Define Radioactive Material Contamination and give the three types of contamination.

A

Radioactive Material in an unwanted place:

  1. Air- (gas or particle suspension)
  2. Fixed- (material that cannot be transferred by casual contact)
  3. Transferable- ( easily moved and/or transferred usually by casual contact
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16
Q

What are the health hazards of radiation?

A

Acute exposure or chronic exposure to ionizing radiation can lead to: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, minor bleeding, lesions, burns, central nervous system damage, convulsions, coma, and death.

17
Q

What is a SMAC level?

A

A safety threshold for the maximum dose rate a person should receive.

18
Q

What does the Acronym SMAC stand for?

A

Stop, Move Away, Alert, Close-off

19
Q

Federal law sets the “operational exposure” lever to ____ per year.

A

5rem

20
Q

What is the Inverse Square Law?

A

By doubling the distance from the source, the exposure rate will be reduced by 75%.

21
Q

What is ALARA?

A

As Low As Reasonably Acheivable- reduces external and internal radiation dose

22
Q

What three things will help to achieve ALARA?

A

(STD-shielding, time, distance)Maximize distance from source of radiation, Minimize time spent near source of radiation, use shielding between source and body.

23
Q

What is the max level of radiation a BTM can be exposed to?

A

Gamma/X-Ray 4500 microREM

Neutron less than or equal to 20 cps (counts per second)

24
Q

What are the goals of Rad Detection Procedures? (4)

A
  1. Detect ALL radiological sources
  2. Verify their legitimacy
  3. Localize and characterize unknown sources prior to engaging external agencies
  4. maintain personnel safety and security
25
Q

What are the Operational Procedures for Radiological Monitoring?

A
  1. PRD worn by ALL USCG during boardings
  2. Localization/identification of a radioactive source should always be treated as a potentially hazardous operation
  3. Positive control shall be maintained by boarding personnel until the situation has been resolved.

BTM (19 decks)

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