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DVM 2 - 1 > RAD > Flashcards

RAD Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius and rhomboideus origin and insertion and action

A

Trapezius - from supraspinous ligament to spine of scapula Action - abduct and elevate the limb

Rhomboideus from nuchal crest to the dorsal border of scapula Action - elevate the limb

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2
Q

Brachiocephalicus regions, origin and insertion and action

A

1) Cleidomastoideus: Mastoid process of temporal bone 2) Cleidocervicalis: dorsal median raphe 3) Cleidobrachialis: clavicular intersection To: Cranial boarder of the humerus Action - advance the limb, extend the shoulder, draw the neck

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3
Q

Omotransversarius and latissimus dorsi origin, insertion and action

A

Omotransversarius From: Wings of the Atlas To: Distal half of the spine of scapula Action: advance the limb, flex neck Latissimus dorsi From: Thoracolumbar fascia, all lumbar vertebrae and spinous process To: Teres major tuberosity of the humerus and the tendon Action - draw limb caudally (digging)

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4
Q

Pectoral and serratus ventralis origin, insertion and action

A

Pectoral Superficial cranial sternebrae Deep - sternum To: greater tubercle of humerus Action - to adduct the limb, assist stability Serratus ventralis From: transverse C3-C7 To: serrated face scapula Action: Support trunk between forelimbs

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5
Q

Deltoideus and biceps brachii origin, insertion and action, innervation

A

Deltoideus From: Acromion scapula To: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: to flex the shoulder Biceps brachii From: supraglenoid tuberble scapula To: radial and ulnar tuberosity Action: Flex the elbow and extend the shoulder Inn: musculocutaneous

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6
Q

Coracobrachialis, supraspinatus and infraspinatus origin, insertion, action

A

Coracobrachialis From: Coracoid process of the scapula To: Teres major tuberosity of the humerus Action: adduct, extend and stabilise the shoulder joint Supraspinatus From: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula To: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: extend and stabilise the shoulder joint Infraspinatus From: Infraspinous fossa To: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: extend or flex the joint and abduct the shoulder and to rotate the shoulder laterally

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7
Q

Subscapularis and teres major origin, insertion, action

A

Subscapularis From: Subscapular fossa To: Lesser tubercle of the humerus Action: To adduct, extend, and medially stabilize the shoulder joint and to rotate the shoulder medially Teres major From: Dorsal caudal border of the scapula To: Teres major tuberosity of the humerus Action: Flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder medially, and prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing

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8
Q

Triceps brachii origin, insertion, action and nerve

A

Triceps brachii From: Long head: caudal border of the scapula Lateral head: Triciptial line of the humerus Accessory head: neck of the humerus Medial head: crest of the lesser tubercle To: All insert onto the olecranon Action: To extend the elbow and flex the shoulder Inn: Radial nerve

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9
Q

Teres minor, brachialis, anconeus origin, insertion and action

A

Teres minor From: Distal third of the caudal border of the scapula and infraglenoid tubercle To: Teres minor tubercle of the humerus Action: To flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder laterally, and prevent medial rotation when bearing weight. Brachialis From: Lateral surface of the humerus To: Ulnar and radial tuberosities Action: To flex the elbow nerve. Anconeus From: The lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus. TO: The lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (the olecranon) Action: To extend the elbow

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10
Q

What are the 3 carpal extenders and the 2 that also extend the digits

A

1) Extensor Capri Radialis 2) Common digital extensor - digits 3) Lateral digital extensor - digits

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11
Q

What are the 4 carpal flexors and the 2 that also flex the digits

A

1) Superfifical digital flexor - digits 2) deep digital flexor - digits 3) Flexor capri ulnaris 4) Flexor capri radialis

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12
Q

Supinator and pronator teres origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Supinator From: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus To: radius Action To rotate the forearm laterally Inn: Radial nerve Pronator teres From: Medial epicondyle of the humerus To: radius Action: To rotate the forearm medially so that palmar side of the paw Inn: Median nerve

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13
Q

What are the 8 extrinsic muscles of the forelimb

A

1) Trapezius (vervicis and thoracics) 2) Rhomboideus (capitis, cervicis & thoracis) 3) Brachiocephalicus (Cleidobrachialis m., cleidocervicalis m. and cleidomastoideus m. 4) Omotransversaricus 5) Latissimus dorsi 6) Superficial pectoral m. (descending & transverse) 7) Deep pectoral m. 8) Serratus ventralis m.

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14
Q

What are the 2 muscles involves in flexing and extending the elbow joint and what nerves innervated by

A

Flexor - Biceps brachii and brachialis Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve Extend - triceps and anconeus Innervated by radial nerve

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15
Q

What nerves innervate the flexor and extensor muscles of the forelimb

A

Radial nerve - triceps, anconeus, carpal and digital extensors Musculocutaneous - flexors of the elbow joint Median and ulnar digital and carpal flexors

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16
Q

What are the 2 major lymph nodes within the forelimb and where are they located

A

1) Superficial cervical - lateral aspect of the neck within adipose tissue within the triangle from the cleidobrachialis, omotransversarius and trapezius 2) Axillary - located caudal to the shoulder joint at the divergence of the brachial and subscapular blood vessels, adjacent to teh border of the deep pectoral

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17
Q

Mastoid process, nuchal crest and wing of the atlas what forelimb muscles originate from these structures

A

1) Mastoid process - cleidoastoideus, brachiocephalicus 2) Nuchal crest - rhomboideus capitis 3) Wing of the atlas - omotransversarius

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18
Q

what is the radial position compared to the ulna

A

Radius is cranial and medial Ulna is more caudal and lateral

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19
Q

3 names for the elbow and carpal joint

A

Elbow joint 1) humeroradial joint 2) humeroulnar joint 3) proximal radioulnar joint Carpal joint 1) antebrachiocarpal 2) middle carpal 3) carpometacarpal

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20
Q

What is the main arterial blood flow through the forelimb

A

1) Subclavian (left and right for left and right forelimb) 2) axillary 3) brachial 4) SPLIT Common interosseous -> ulnar -> caudal interosseous -> superficial palmar arterial arch Median -> radial -> deep palmar arterial arch

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21
Q

What are the branches off the subclavian artery

A

Superficial cervical artery -> suprascapular

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22
Q

What are the branches off the axillary artery

A

Axillary 1) Lateral thoracic 2) Subscapular -> thoracodorsal and caudal circumflex humeral

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23
Q

4 pathways of cephalic vein to the heart

A

1) Cephalic vein -> external jugular - CVC 2) Cephalic -> median cubital -> brachial -> axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic 3) cephalic -> axillobrachial -> omobrachial -> external jugular 4) Cephalic -> axillobrachial -> axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic

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24
Q

Nerves in the forelimb at the level of the scapula and the distal limb

A

Scapula -> suprascapular, axillar, musculocutaneous, radial Distal limb -> Radial, median, ular

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25
Q

Label S, P, A

A

S = sagittal process

P = mastoid process of the tempor bone

A = osseous external auditory meatus

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26
Q

What bones and label

A

Carpal bones

Proximal row -> accessory, radial, ulnar capral bones

Distal row -> capral bones I, II, III, IV

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27
Q

How many carpal bones do digits 1-5 have

A

Digit 1 - 1

Digit 2-5 - 2 proximal sesamoid bones

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28
Q

Label A-C

A

A = rhomboideus

B = ventral serrate

C = pectoral

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29
Q

Label the 3 joints

A

Top - antebrachiocarpal joint

Middle - middle carpal joint

Bottom - Carpometacarpal joint

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30
Q

Medial aspect of what joint and label A, B C

A

Left shoulder joint

A = tendon of the biceps brachii

B = medial glenohumeral ligament

C = head of humerus

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31
Q

Cranial aspect of what joint and list the 3 ligaments A, B, C

A

Elbow joint

A = oblique ligament of the elbow

B = lateral collateral ligament

C = annual ligament of radius

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32
Q

What are the following ligaments A, B and the joint it is associated with

A

Elbow joint

A = medial collateral ligament

B = interosseous ligament

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33
Q

Right manus palmar aspect label A, B, C tendons of ligaments

A

A = digital flexor mm tendons

B = palmar annula ligament

C = proximal digital ligament

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34
Q

Digits, lateral and medial view

Label the following A,B,C,D,E, joints, ligaments or muscles

A

A = proximal interphalangeal joint

B = metacarpophalangeal joint

C = Extensor bracnhes of interosseous

D = collateral ligaments

E = distal interphalangeal joint

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35
Q

Left lateral aspect of the forelimb list A,B,C,D muscles

A

A = Rhomboideus (cervicis)

B = Trapazius (thoracis muscle)

C = Trapezius (cervicis)

D = Rhomoideus (thoracis)

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36
Q

Forelimb extrinsic muscles label A,B,C,D,E

A

A = Cleidomastoideus muscle

B = omotransversarius muscle

C = cleidobrachials muscle

D = Cleidocervicalis muscle

E = Clavicular intersection

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37
Q

External muscles of the forelimb lable A,B,C,D

A

A = trapezius muscle

B = latissimus dorsi muscle

C = omotrasnversarius muscle

D = edtge of cut cutaneous trunci muscle

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38
Q

What is the following muscle of the forelimb

A

Deep pectoral muscle

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39
Q

What is the following muscle

A

Serratus ventralis

40
Q

Label the 3 instric muscles of the forelimb A,B,C

A

A = deltoideus muscle

B = teres major

C = infraspinatus

41
Q

What is the intrinsic muscles of the forelimb on the right, this is removed on the left, what 2 muscles are underneath

A

Triceps Brachii

A) lateral head

B) Long head

C) Accessory head

42
Q

Fill in the labels of the shoulder joint

A

Top = spine of scapula

Middle = tendon sheath

Middle = biceps brachii muscle

Bottom = humerus

43
Q

Fill is the muscles of the sacpula A,B,C,D,E

A

A = serrated face of the scapula

B = subscapular muscle

C = tered major muscles

D = supraspinatus muscles

E = deltoid muscle

44
Q

Shoulder muscles list the A,B,C

A

Triceps brachii muscle

A = long head

B = medial head

C = accessory head

45
Q

List the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder A,B,C,D

A

A = subcapularis

B = coracobrachialis muscle

C = tensor fascia antebrachi muscle

D = triceps brachii

46
Q

Right foramen elbow joint what muscle

A

Anconeus

47
Q

Lateral aspect, right forearm label A,B,C,D

A

A = common digital extensor

B = lateral digital extensor

C = extensor carpi radialis

D = ulnaris lateralis

48
Q

What are the 2 muscles A,B

A

A = supinator muscle

B = pronator teres muscle

49
Q

Name the 2 deep antebrachium muscles A,B

A

A = Pronator quadratus muscle

B = abductor pollicis longus muscle

50
Q

Medial aspect of the elbow and antebrachium name the nerves and muscle A,B,C

A

A = median nerve and artery

B = pronator teres muscle

C = ulnar nerve

51
Q

Forelimb what is the muscle and what was removed to get to that muscle

A

Interosseous muscle

Removed the digital flexor tendons

52
Q

Nme the fascia of the antebrachium

A

Top = deep antebrachial fasia

Bottom = superficial antebrachial fascia

53
Q

Forelimb, label A,B,C,D,E

A

A = Common digital extensor

B = superficial digital flexor

C = accessory carpal bone

D = extensor retinaculum

E = flexor retinaculum

54
Q

Forelimb muscles name them and thier function

A

Left = triceps - extensor of the eblow joint

Right = biceps brachii and brachialis - flexor of the elbow joint

55
Q

Label the nerves of the forelimb

A
56
Q

Label the nerves of the cranial aspect of the shoulder

A

A = suprascapular nerve

B = shoulder joint

C = superificial cervial artery and vein

D = omotransversatirous muscles

E = supraspinatus muscle

F = trapezius

G = cleidocervicalis muscle

57
Q

Nerves of the forelimb around the elbow A,B,C

A

A = Radial nerve

B = median nerve

C = ulna nerve

58
Q

Label the 3 following veins A,B,C cranial aspect of the shoulder

A

A = axillobrachial vein

B = omobrachial vein

C = cephalic vein

59
Q

Fill in the arteries

A
60
Q

Label the arteries A-D

A

A = radial artery and vein

B = median artery and veins, median nerve

C = ulnar nerve artery and vein

D = brachial aretery and vein, median nerve

61
Q

Label the veins A,B,C

A

A = cephalic vein

B = medial cubital vein

C = median artery, vein and nerve

62
Q

Fill in the labels A,B,C

A

A = superficial palmar venous arch

B = metacarpophalangal joints

C = cephalic vein

63
Q

Label 1,3,4,5,6,12,14,17,18,20,25,27,28,29,32,33

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. cervicothoracic ganglion
  3. Ansa subclavia
  4. subclavian artery
  5. vagus nerve
  6. Aorta
  7. Esophagus
  8. Phrenic nerve to diaphragm
  9. Paraconal interventricular a., v., and groove
  10. Internal thoracic artery
  11. Middle cervical ganglion
  12. costocervical trunk (artery, broken)
  13. External jugular vein
  14. VagosympathePc trunk
  15. costocervical vein
  16. axillary artery
64
Q

Fill in the label t,q,h, blue arrow

A

t = esophagus (retracted)

q = arota

h = azygos vein

blue arrow = thoracic duct

65
Q

Label the lung lobes

A
66
Q

What are the two types of nerves purple and green

A

Purple = intercostal nerve

Green = phrenic nerve

67
Q

Fill in the labels A-H

A

A = costal arch

B = caval foreamen

C = Esophageal hiatus

D = aortic hiatus

E = rectractor costae

F = left crus

G = right crus

68
Q

Label the following A,B,C,D

A

A = Transversus thoracis

B = caudal vena cava

C = esophagus

D = aorta

69
Q

What are the thoracic ribs and the two processes on the sternum

A

T1-T13

Manubrium (cranial)

Xiphoid process (caudal)

70
Q

Label the 3 thoracic muscles

A

A = serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle

B = rectus thoracis muscle

C = scalenus muscle

71
Q

Label A,B,C,D

A

A = aorta

B = oesophagus

C = heart

D = Caudal vena cava

E = diaphragm

72
Q

Label the muscles A,B,C,D,E

A

A = brachiocephalicus muscle

B = trapezius cervicis

C = trapezius thoracis

D = latissimus dorsi muscle

E = deep pectoral muscle

73
Q

What does cm, m and c stand for

A

The mediastinum

cm = cranial

m = middle

c = caudal

74
Q

Label the following l,v,c,s,a,i,m,e, a

A

l = subclavian artery

v = vertebral artery

c = costocervical trunk

s = supericial cervical

i = internal thoracic

m = musculophrenic

e = cranial epigastric

a = axillary

75
Q

Label the following: r,i,d,s,l

A

r = ribs

i = internal intercostal muscle

d = intervertebral disc

s = sympathetic trunk

l = edge of left lung

76
Q

What are the labels cv,c,a,b

A

cv = caudal vena cava

c = cranial vena cava

a = azygous vein

b = brachiocephalic vein

77
Q

Label v, cp, dp, mp and pp (pleura)

A

v = pulmonary visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

cp = costal

dp = diaphragmatic

mp = mediastinal pp = pericardial

78
Q

Label the nerves A,B

A

A = intercostal

B = phrenic

79
Q

Label t,s,a,g,v,vs,sc (nerves)

A

t = sympathetic trunk

s = cervicothoracic or stellate ganglion

A = ansa subclavia

G = midde cervical ganglion

V = vagus nerve

vs = vasosympathetic trunk

sc = subclavian artery

80
Q

Name the following muscle

A

Longissimus thoracis

81
Q

Fill in the labels

A

D = diaphragm

t = tendonous centre

o = oesophageal hiatus

ah = aortic hiatus

c = caval foramen

cv = caudal vena cava

os = ophagus

a = aorta

th = transverse thoracic

82
Q

Fill in the labels

A

p = pericardium

l = left auricle

r = right auricle

L,R = ventricles

83
Q

Label the veins from A-D

A

A = azygous

B = caudal vena cava

C = brachiocephalic vein

D = costocervical vertebral trunk

84
Q

What are the following arteries

A

Top = costocervical trunk

Middle = superficial cervical artery

Bottom = internal thoracic artery

85
Q

Label the veins A-E

A

A = azygous vein

B = cranial vena cava

C = brachiocephalic vein

D = trachea

E = intercostal veins

86
Q

Label A-D

A

A = sympathetic trunk

B = aorta

C = oesophagus

D = azygous vein

87
Q

Label the lungs lobes A-D

A

A = caudal lobe

B = acessory lobe

C = cranial lobe

D = middle lobe

88
Q

What are the following

A

Cr.cr = cranial part of cranial lobe

cd.cr = caudal part of cranial lobe

89
Q

Label A-H

A

A = phrenic nerve

B = sympathetic trunk

C = ribs

D = intervertbral disc

E = aorta

F = oesophagus

G = right lung

H = azygous vein

90
Q

Label A-E

A

A = vagosympathetic trunk nerve

B = vagus nerve

C = cadiac nerve

D = left recurrent laryngeal nerve

E = DOESNT EXIST

91
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the thoracic cavity describe the pathway

A

Vagus nerve from brain -> left and right vagus nerves course near common carotid arteris -> give off left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve -> caudal to root of lung split into dorsal and ventral brach -> left and right ventral = ventral vagal trunk and vice versa (dorsal)

92
Q

Describe the sympathetic supply of the thorax

A

Sympathetic trunk -> rami communicantes (between thoracic and lumbar nerves) AND stellate ganglion (cranial end of sympathetic chain) -> vertebral nerve (passes through thoracic inlet) -> ansa subclavia (makes ring around subclavian artery) -> middle cervical ganglion (where sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagus nerve) come together) -> vasosympathetic trunk up the neck

93
Q

What are the main arteries off the aorta

A

1) brachiocephalic trunk (first brach) -> left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery and right subclavian
2) left subclavian artery -> second branch
1. vertebral
2. costocervical
3. superficial cervical
4. internal thoracic

94
Q

Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves were do they course

A
  • Right – leaves the right vagus and curves around the right subclavian before coursing cranially on the dorsolateral surface of the trachea to the larynx
  • Left – leaves the left vagus nerve and courses further caudally around the aorta before returning up the neck on the left side of the larynx
95
Q

Fill in the labels

A

A = aorta

LV = left ventricle

RV = right ventrcle

S = left subcalvian artery

L = accessor lobe of right lung

P = left phrenic nerve

SY = sympathetic trunk

V1 = dorsal vagal trunk

V2 = ventral vagal trunk

C = cervicothoracic ganglion

As = ansa subclavia

D = diaphragm

LA = left auricle

O = oesophagus

DVM 2 - 1 (31 decks)

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