Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DVM 2 - 1 > HLI definitions > Flashcards

HLI definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Haemostasis

A

arrest of blood loss from damaged vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

coagulation

A

formation of a fibrin clot in a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

thrombus vs clot

A

forms in vivo vs forms in static blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thrombosis

A

pathological formation of a haemostatic plug in a blood vessel in the absence of blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thromboembolus

A

a blockage in a blood vessel caused by a dislodged thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Haemorrhage by rhexis

A

a substantial tear in a blood vessel or a tear in a heart chamber -> rapid escape of a substantial volume of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

haemorrhage by diapedesis

A

escape of red blood cells one by one through minute or microscopically imperceptible defects in vessel walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

haemarthrosis

A

haemorrhage into a synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

haemoptysis

A

coughing blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

haematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

haematochezia

A

passage of fresh blood in faeces (typically over the surface of stools)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dysentery

A

diarrhoea containing blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

meleana

A

diffuse, dark red-black discolouration of faeces due to upper alimentary tract haemorrhage or swallowing of blood from the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hyphaema

A

haemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

petechiae haemorrhages

A

tiny, pinpoint foci of haemorrhage, 1-2 mm in diameter

- petechiae are typically found in skin and on mucosal and serosal membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

purpura haemorrhage

A

slightly larger haemorrhages ≥ 3 mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ecchymoses haemorrhage

A

larger foci of haemorrhage, 2-3 cm in diameter; usually blotchy and of irregular shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

paintbrush haemorrhage

A

(or suffuse or suffusive) haemorrhages = linear or streaky haemorrhages, especially over serosal or mucosal membranes, as if a brush dipped in red paint has been hastily splashed across the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of haemorrhages are visible but not palpable

A

petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses and paintbrush haemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

haematoma and when seen

A

a palpable, discrete, space-occupying mass of clotted blood within tissues - largest volume of blood
- small haematomas are common at sites of difficult venipuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Haemorrhagic diatheses

A

clinical disorders of haemostasis characterised by a bleeding tendency
- haemorrhage may occur spontaneously or there may be excessive bleeding in response to minor trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thrombocytopathies

A

platelet function disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thrombopathia

A

absence or dysfunction of a signal transduction protein necessary for platelet release of dense granules and exposure of binding sites for fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

myelophthisis

A

crowding of the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Heat stroke

A

Hyperthermia associated with a systemic inflammatory response leading to a syndrome of multi-organ dysfunction in which encephalopathy predominates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

afferent lymphatics and where find in L.N

A

carry lymph to the lymph nodes, with APC

found at capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

efferent lymphatics and where find in L.N

A

carry lymph away from the lymph nodes, without APC (no CD14 positive cells in sheep)
found at the hilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stroma

A

“the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Parenchyma

A

the functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Myeloid haemopoietic tissue

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Tracecula

A

connective tissue in human thymus but in veterinary medicine called the septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

PALS - periarterial lymphatic sheath

A

Lymphocytes surrounding the central artery

occurs within the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

MALT

NALT

A

mucosa associated lymphatic tissues

Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), nasopharyngeal tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Lymphadenomegaly

A

enlarged lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

lymphoid necrosis

A

lysis of cells of the lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

karyorrhexis

A

fragmentation of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

39
Q

Splenosis

A

splenic tissue away from the spleen such as in the omentum that function properly

40
Q

degenerate neutrophils

A

haemoyltic or dying neutriphils associated with sepsis such as bacteria

41
Q

reactive lymphoid hyperplasia

A

lymph node reacting to infection - will have different colonies of lymphocytes in different stages

42
Q

what do the describing words unencapsulated and infiltrative indicate

A

malignant

43
Q

karyorrhectic debris

A

nuclear debris (grossly white necrosis)

44
Q

apoptoic cell

A

cell suicide

45
Q

polygonal cells

A

cells that are spiky - irregular angles

46
Q

vesticular nucleus

A

active nucleus

47
Q

what does numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages indicate

A

bleeding has occured

48
Q

what does extramedulary haematopoesis indicate

A

anaemia - possibly non-regenerative

49
Q

Atopy

A

a genetic predisposition toward the development of immediate hypersensitivity reactions against common environmental antigens - multifaced

50
Q

Atopic individuals

A

have higher levels of IgE and eosinophils and are therefore more susceptible to immediate hypersensitivity reactions

51
Q

asthma

A
  • A manifestation of immediate hypersensitivity and late-phase reactions in the lung
52
Q

Haematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells

53
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

production of RBC

54
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

production of WBC

55
Q

Myelopoiesis

A

production of granulocytes and monocytes

56
Q

Granulopoiesis

A

production of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

57
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

production of lymphocytes

58
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

production of platelets

59
Q

plasma

A

is the fluid in which blood cells circulate

  • has coagulants in the plasma as don’t clot
  • obtain via centrifuge
60
Q

serum

A

is the fluid that remains after blood coagulates - don’t have blood coagulants as blood has clotted and used it up
• obtain via centrifugation of clotted blood

61
Q

pancytopenia

A

decrease in all 3 cell lines

62
Q

Aplasia

A

lack of a cell line

63
Q

aplastic anaemia

A

Animals with generalised marrow aplasia (affecting all three cell lines)

64
Q

what is the other name for seratonin

A

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

65
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

an increase in the thickness of the stratum corenum

66
Q

seborrhea

A

describe the clinical signs of excessive scaling, crusting and greasiness

67
Q

acanthosis

A

Increased thickness of stratum spinosum often accompanies epidermal hyperplasia.

68
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened and rough skin characterized by prominent skin markings; usually the result of repeated rubbing in susceptible persons

69
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin and mucosal membranes

70
Q

comedone

A

clogged hair follicle within the skin

71
Q

callus

A

is a localized, hyperplastic skin reaction to trauma caused by pressure or friction

72
Q

Spongiosis

A

Intercellular edema of the epidermis.

73
Q

vesicle

A

Fluid-filled raised lesion <10 mm across.

74
Q

Acantholysis

A

Loss of intercellular connections resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes.

75
Q

Folliculitis

A

inflammation of the hair follicle

76
Q

Furuncolosis

A

rupture of the follicular wall due to weakening from folliculitis

77
Q

Pyoderma

A

skin infection with the formation of puss

78
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss

79
Q

papule

A

A papule is a small solid elevation in the skin , less than 1cm in diameter.

80
Q

Nodule

A

A well demarcated, solid elevation in the skin greater than 1cm (usually neoplasia, cysts and deep infection), hairless

81
Q

Pustule

A

A small, circumscribed elevation in the skin filled with pus-usually bacterial infection

82
Q

Rash

A

collection of erythematous macules, papules and pustules

83
Q

Epidermal collarette

A

Annular area of scale formed when a pustule ruptures -usually means bacterial infection

84
Q

Macule

A

A well demarcated, non-palpable area of decolourisation on the skin, less than 1 cm

85
Q

Wheal

A

Sharply circumscribed area of oedema- as in seen with bee stings

86
Q

Crusts

A

Accumulation of dried exudate e.g. serum or pus, can be greasy

87
Q

Scale

A

Accumulation of loose components of the stratum corneum- can be dry or greasy

88
Q

Leukoderma

A

Loss of pigment from the skin (contact reaction to rubber, immune mediated diseases)

89
Q

Leukotrichia

A

Loss of pigment from the hair (immune mediated diseases)

90
Q

Comedone:

A

Dilated hair follicle( no hair shaft) filled with dead skin. (commonly demodex)

91
Q

Ulcer

A

Full thickness loss of the epidermis. (as per erosion)

92
Q

Erosion

A

loss of surface layers of the epidermis

93
Q

Eschar

A

a slough or piece of dead tissue that is case off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury

DVM 2 - 1 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions