Race and Racial Inequality Flashcards
Why are there racial differential undercounts in the census?
Chaotic nature of the pandemic, unauthorized migrants’ fears, overcount of whites due to double counts
Race
a social system designed by people to categorize groups of people based on physical appearance
Ethnicity
the ethnic group a person belongs to, typically informed by cultural or traditional social and familial ties
Ancestry
ethnic heritage traced through familial/parental lines
Nationality
the country where a person hold legal citizenship
Race is not:
biological, genetic, fixed across time and space
Racial ideologies
the prevalent and commonly accepted racial schemas of a given society
How a racial schema becomes a racial ideology
commonly shared by many people in a society; exerts greatest influence over how people experience the social world, even if not most common
4 characteristics of racial ideologies
embrace that racial groups exist with different inherent characteristics, assert and enforce a racial hierarchy, serves interest of one racial group over others, do all the actions through policies, laws, institutions
Prejudice
a pre judgement in favor of or against a group, person, idea, or a thing
Racial prejudice
a prejudgement of one racial group as having innate or fixed inferior qualities compared to other racial group
Discrimination
an action based on a prejudiced belief
Racism
discriminatory actions against a certain racial group rooted in racial prejudices or beliefs
When is racism most effective?
when the discriminating group has some sort of power over the discriminated group
When was biological racism prevalent?
1700s-1950s
What is biological racism?
belief that one racial group is biologically or genetically superior to others; eventually morphed into eugenics
When was cultural essentialism prevalent?
1920s-1980s
What is cultural essentialism?
belief that disadvantaged racial groups’ lack of prosperity is linked to their behavior and their culture
When was colorblindness prevalent?
1990s onward
What is colorblindness?
belief that racism no longer exists and that race is no longer an important part of social life; any differences in outcomes are based on indiv ability, experience, etc
Policies/laws relating to colorblindness
passively reproduce racial inequality, race neutral in design but reproduce and widen inequality
