Immigration Policy

Question 1

Immigrant

Answer 1

someone who moves from one place to another (people who are going into the country of reference)

Question 2

Emigrant

Answer 2

someone who moves from one place to another (people who have left the country of reference)

Question 3

Disapora

Answer 3

the population of a country living outside of its political borders

Question 4

Place of origin

Answer 4

the sending location or country

Question 5

Place of destination

Answer 5

the receiving location or country

Question 6

Immigration rate

Answer 6

ratio of in-migrants to the count of population at place of destination before immigrants arrived

Question 7

Emigration rate

Answer 7

ratio of out-migrants to the population at place of origin before emigrants left

Question 8

Net migration

Answer 8

the difference between the number of immigrants and number of emigrants

Question 9

Net migration rate

Answer 9

difference between immigration rate and emigration rate

Question 10

What region has seen a large increase in migration?

Answer 10

Asia

Question 11

Theories of migration

Answer 11

sociologically oriented reasons as to why people migrate

Question 12

Why are theories of migration helpful?

Answer 12

they help with predictions, designing migration policy, push and pull factors

Question 13

Push factor

Answer 13

something about current context that is pushing you to migrate (poor economic conditions, crisis/disasters, etc)

Question 14

Pull factor

Answer 14

something about somewhere else that is enticing or luring one to migrate

Question 15

Macro-level economic theory

Answer 15

populations will shift spatially in response to wage differentials between regions

Question 16

What will happen over time according to macro-level economic theory?

Answer 16

more labor in the new country leads to decrease in wages and labor scarcity in original country leads to increase in wages, so they will eventually have same wages

Question 17

Micro-level economic theory

Answer 17

an individual evaluates the costs and benefits of living in one region, living in another region, and migration itself; more comprehensive

Question 18

When will an individual move according to micro-level economic theory?

Answer 18

when their benefits outweigh their costs

Question 19

New Home Economics Theory

Answer 19

a household decides to have one or more members migrate; goal is household economic resiliency through diversifying income streams

Question 20

Segmented labor theory

Answer 20

shortage of native worker willing to do the specific work, so industry fills them with migrant workers who are willing

Question 21

What does the segmented labor theory emphasize?

Answer 21

wage and status hierarchies; migrants prioritize wages over status; pull factors of receiving countries

Question 22

Bracero program

Answer 22

agricultural industry recruited Mexicans to do agricultural work when men from US went to war for WW2

Question 23

Chain/network migration theory

Answer 23

focuses on how people who have migrated before you can help “soften the landing” for when you migrate

Question 24

Goals of immigration policy

Answer 24

decrease/increase number of migrants; social/ideological goals regarding national identity/composition

Question 25

Naturalization act of 1790

Answer 25

Any foreign born free white person who had lived in the US for 2 years could become a citizen

Question 26

What were the effects of the Naturalization act of 1790?

Answer 26

introduced racialization and associating race with citizenship

Question 27

Racialization

Answer 27

the process of assigning and enforcing a racial categorization to a social group or characteristic

Question 28

4 stages of immigration policy

Answer 28

before 1880, 1880-1920, 1921-1965, post 1965

Question 29

immigration before 1880

Answer 29

no explicit immigration policies, most people coming from Western Europe

Question 30

immigration 1880-1920

Answer 30

Had qualitative restrictions (chinese exclusion act, literacy requirements, naturalization act of 1906), high numbers of immigration, Eastern Europe immigrants

Question 31

Immigrant act of 1882

Answer 31

Chinese exclusion act, stopped immigration of any people from China because of the massive increase

Question 32

Naturalization act of 1906

Answer 32

expanded citizenship to African immigrants in addition to white

Question 33

Immigration 1921-1965

Answer 33

moves towards quota laws, spike in German refugees after WW2 and increase in Mexican immigration

Question 34

Immigration post 1965

Answer 34

immigration and naturalization act of 1965, IRCA,

Question 35

Immigration and naturalization act of 1965

Answer 35

eliminated quotas based on national origin with a focus on family reunification and attracting skilled workers

Question 36

Aims of Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1968 (IRCA)

Answer 36

2 aims: address the issue of undocumented immigrants by putting the responsibility on the employers; recognize that large part of US economy relies on undocumented labor so granted amnesty

Question 37

Consequences of IRCA

Answer 37

increased permanent settlement and family reunification; prop 187(exclude all undocumented immigrants from any public service in CA)

Question 38

Unauthorized migration population size trends

Answer 38

peaked in 2007 and has been decreasing

Question 39

Unauthorized migrant composition

Answer 39

shift away from Mexico between 2007-2017; increased share from other parts of Latin America and Asia

Question 40

How are people entering the country?

Answer 40

most are legal migrants that overstay their visa

Question 41

Latino threat narrative

Answer 41

fear of Mexican immigrants and the perceived consequences of Mexican immigration on the US

Question 42

impact of immigration policy on border crossings

Answer 42

declines in apprehensions, shifted how people cross and changed the crossing locations, increased use of human traffickers