R & W

Question 1

the American Psychological Association; a citation guide or way of acknowledging resource materials in your paper, puts importance and primacy on the timeliness data gathered.

Answer 1

The APA Citation Guide

Question 2

the process of defending one’s claims by means of putting forward logical supporting points and/or pertinent pieces of evidence without appealing much to the emotions of the audience.

Answer 2

Argumentation

Question 3

the act of making notes on your copy of the reading

Answer 3

Annotation

Question 4

these are declarative sentences that claim something is true about something else

Answer 4

Assertions

Question 5

a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research

Answer 5

Fact

Question 6

a way in which something is done; similar to traditions and norms

Answer 6

Convention

Question 7

a statement which is based on facts, but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness; they result from ambiguities

Answer 7

Opinion

Question 8

a statement based on personal choice; therefore, it is subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked

Answer 8

Preference

Question 9

the people an individual tries to communicate with, whether through writing or speaking

Answer 9

Audience

Question 10

the supportive audience is the type of audience that is easy to persuade because they agree with the communicator’s stance on an issue

Answer 10

Supportive

Question 11

the wavering audience is the type of audience that, on the one hand, can agree with some of the communicator’s points, and on the other hand, can also be easily swayed to not believe in what the communicator is trying to put forward

Answer 11

Wavering

Question 12

the hostile audience is the hardest type of audience to have as they are not readily accepting of the communicator’s stance and would most likely challenge the communicator’s ponts as well

Answer 12

Hostile

Question 13

the process of generating ideas to be used as writing prompts

Answer 13

Brainstorming

Question 14

This is a formal message written, typed, or printed and is typically sent from one organization to another party outside the organization, like customers, clients, or partners.

Answer 14

Business letter

Question 15

a series of multiple sets of causes and effects that are all somehow connected
to one another

Answer 15

Causal chain

Question 16

what prompted something to happen

Answer 16

Cause

Question 17

the main reason/s as to why something happened

Answer 17

Root/primary

Question 18

minor and/or peripheral factors that enabled something to happen

Answer 18

Secondary

Question 19

is the central argument or thesis statement of the text

Answer 19

Claim

Question 20

state a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic

Answer 20

Claims of fact

Question 21

assert something that can be qualified and consist of arguments about moral, philosophical, se aesthetic topics

Answer 21

Claims of value

Question 22

posit that specific actions should be chosen as solutions to a particular problem

Answer 22

Claims of policy

Question 23

This essay is often seen as an important part of a college application and is a response to a prompt that allows admissions committees to get to know you more personally

Answer 23

College application essay

Question 24

the meaning of a word based on perceptions and common interpretations

Answer 24

Connotation

Question 25

is defined as the social, cultural, political, historical, and other related circumstances
that surround the text and form the terms from which it can be better understood and evaluated

Answer 25

Context

Question 26

without the presence of a dictionary, context clues are hints that a reader can use within a given piece of text to glean the definition of a word

Answer 26

Context clues

Question 27

are claims made to rebut a previous claim; they provide a contrasting penpective to the main argument

Answer 27

Counterclaims

Question 28

a letter that accompanies your resume and highlights the strengths that you have listed

Answer 28

Cover letter

Question 29

is defined as the details given by the author in order to support his or her claim

Answer 29

Evidence

Question 30

the meaning of a word based on standardized conventions (e.g, the dictionary)

Answer 30

Denotation

Question 31

The Dewey Decimal System or Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is a library system invented by Melvil Dewey used to organize resource materials (eg, articles, books, clippings, journals, magazines, newspapers, etc.) kept inside a library. The DDC has ten (10) subject classes, namely: Generalities, Philosophy & Psychology, Religion, Social Sciences, Language, Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Technology (Applied Sciences), The Arts, Literature & Rhetoric, and Geography & History.

Answer 31

Dewey Decimal System

Question 32

a method of citing sources in which the writer copies words verbatim or exactly as how they appear in the resource material

Answer 32

Direct quotation

Question 33

is the process of clarifying meaning by revising each word and line of your draft.

Answer 33

Editing

Question 34

what was yielded after something happened; can be considered primary (immediate outcome/s of an event) or secondary

Answer 34

Effect

Question 35

a specific form of observation in which the researcher goes to his/her research topic’s (eg a family) natural environment and lives with them for a significantly long penod of time, for the purposes of gathering first-hand data

Answer 35

Ethnography

Question 36

appeal to the author’s or speaker’s credibility

Answer 36

Ethos

Question 37

a logical fallacy (see definition below) that is committed by a person who claims that event A caused event it to happen, and so every tune that event B happens, event A is always the cause; also known as propter boc, erge propter boc

Answer 37

Faulty causality