Quotes

Question 1

Historian Henry Reynolds stated in his book Forgotten War (2013)

Answer 1

“Hostile to European endeavour”

Question 2

Francis Jupurrurla Kelly

Answer 2

“Many kartiya [whitefellas] were too greedy for our land and didn’t see us as fully human”

Question 3

Historian Henry Reynolds (FRONTIER WARS)

Answer 3

“was no perceived need for treaties or for negotiations to purchase the land piecemeal”

Question 4

The Guardian article titled ‘The killing times’ written by Lorena Allam and Nick Evershed

Answer 4

“there were at least 270 frontier massacres over 140 years, as part of a state-sanctioned and organised attempt to eradicate Aboriginal people”

Question 5

Captain James Wallis, diary entry for 17 April 1816 on the aftermath of the Appin Massacre in NSW

Answer 5

“Fourteen dead bodies were counted in different directions”

Question 6

Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania, George Arthur stated in September 1830, quoted in National Museum of Australia (BLACK LINE)

Answer 6

“the purpose of capturing those hostile tribes of the natives which are daily committing renewed atrocities upon the settlers”

Question 7

Historian Madeline Hayman-Reber on the Frontier Wars

Answer 7

“There was never a stage where there were meaningful consultations with the Aboriginal people living here in order to attempt to live together or share the place”

Question 8

Historian Richard Broome on Indigenous relations/living in VIC

Answer 8

“due to disruption of food supplies and the impact of cultural disruption” + “high deaths and low births” + “their cultures clashed”

Question 9

Chief Justice of NSW, Sir James Dowling stated to the jury of MYALL CREEK MASSACRE

Answer 9

“It is clear that a most grievous offence has been committed; that the lives of nearly 30 of our fellow creatures have been sacrificed. In order to fulfil my duty, I must tell you that the life of a Black is as precious in the eyes of the law as that of the highest noble in the land”

Question 10

Historian Henry Reynolds on the Frontier Wars

Answer 10

“form of economic warfare aimed at both individuals and whole frontier communities..warfare they engaged in created fear and anxiety among frontier settlers”

Question 11

example of PRIMARY SOURCE indigenous resistance (economic warfare): Moreton Bay Free Press, 24 August 1852

Answer 11

“the horses in the paddocks were killed and the calves in the pens close to the huts where the man lived.”

Question 12

UNDERSTANDING OF INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS, PRIMARY SOURCE: Launceston Advertiser, 26 September 1831

Answer 12

“spoliation of all his earthly goods by a foreign enemy”

Question 13

adaptation example: Historian Richard Broome

Answer 13

“An accommodation emerged on both sides as Aborigines sought to incorporate the Europeans in a web of tradition and Europeans needed assistance in strange country.”

Question 14

Historian A.C.V Melbourne in 1934
about initial government style

Answer 14

“his authority in New South Wales was free from all restraint”

Question 15

Historian F.K Crowley about the RUM REBELLION

Answer 15

“the military, with the support and assistance of the most prominent settlers, removed Bligh from office on the 26th January 1808. It was Bligh’s attempt to suppress the use of spirits as the only acceptable medium of exchange which eventually led to the coup d’état”

Question 16

Historian John Hirst about responsible self-government

Answer 16

“There would be ministers and a premier, who would be members of parliament. Ministers would have to have the support of a majority in the Assembly. This was the system of responsible government – ministers would be responsible to parliament”

Question 17

HISTORIAN JOHN HIRST ON MALE FRANCHISE

Answer 17

“was a desperate ploy: to stave off full democracy they were giving more people the vote.”

Question 18

Historian Frank Crowley, issues of the gold diggers

Answer 18

“the inalienable right of every citizen to have a voice in making the laws he is called upon to obey. That taxation without representation is tyranny.”

Question 19

Eureka leader Peter Lalor in December 1854

Answer 19

“the oath to be faithful to the Southern Cross…The man who, after this solemn oath does not stand by our standard, is a coward at heart … We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other, and fight to defend our rights and liberties.”

Question 20

Historian John Anderson describes their motivations for migration

Answer 20

“they expected high wages, permanent employment and vastly improved working conditions compared to those back home”

Question 21

James Galloway, secretary of the Stonemasons’ Society in 1855

Answer 21

“We have come 16 000 miles to better our condition, and not to act the mere part of machinery”

Question 22

Historian Beverly Kingston

Answer 22

“egalitarianism became the basis of democracy and the classless society … those who fell outside the economic structure or were excluded by sex or colour were irrelevant to the rhetoric of egalitarianism.”

Question 23

J.B Hughes, a member of South Australian Legislative Council in 1855

Answer 23

“prevented a man from acquiring property is no reason why he should be disenfranchised”

Question 24

HISTORIAN PAVLA MILLER ON INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE ON SQUATTOCRACY

Answer 24

“Some squatters tried to drive all Aboriginal people off the land and took part in massacres of those who resisted; others provided a measure of safety and security to the tribes whose territory they now shared…Aboriginal people were confined to reserves and squatters would not countenance traditional land use.”

Question 25

HISTORIAN JOHN HIRST ON THE HIGH LIVING STANDARDS DURING AUSTRALIA’S ECONOMIC BOOM

Answer 25

“Australian workers at that time had the highest living standards in the world, achieved in part, by political pressure brought by the workers themselves.”

Question 26

hISTORIAN RICHARD BOOME ON RACIAL WAGE INEQUALITES

Answer 26

“In 1911 they were set at a third of the white wage, and by 1918 at two-thirds the rate of white station hands”

Question 27

William Gurthrie Spence (1909)

Answer 27

“It had in it that feeling of mateship which he understood already, and which always characterised the action of one ‘white man’ to another.”

Question 28

W.G Spence memoir, outcome of the strikes

Answer 28

“Our wives and children are starving, and we see misery everywhere…You have ruined us.”

Question 29

The Age publication in 1888 of the tailoresses’ strike which led to the creation of the Tailoresses Union

Answer 29

“the committee of the Tailoresses’ Union still continues”

Question 30

1892 W.G SPENCE

Answer 30

“It is a brighter, it is a broader, and it is an entirely new method for accomplishing these necessary reforms. It requires disinterestedness, unselfishness, and courage on the part of those who are entering into the work.”

Question 31

Bruce Smith, a member of the Free Trade Party, presented his explanation of liberalism in Liberty and Liberalism (1887):

Answer 31

“To attempt to equalise the constitution or susceptibilities of men would be ridiculous”

Question 32

Henry Parkes Tenterfield Oration speech he made on the 24th of October 1889

Answer 32

“The forces of the various colonies should be federated for operation in unison in the event of war so as to act as one great federal army.”

Question 33

Henry Parkes Tenterfield Oration speech he made on the 24th of October 1889

Answer 33

“what the Americans have done by war, the Australians could bring about in peace”

Question 34

historian John Hirst

Answer 34

“federation was a sacred cause”

Question 35

song about Federation written by Francis Hart, with music composed by Sir William Robinson in the 1890s

Answer 35

“Unfurl the flag” patriotic AUS song

Question 36

Historian John Hirst on Indigenous population decline

Answer 36

“It was easy not to make the connection when Aborigines were not seen as part of the future nation since they were dying out and in any case [believed to be] unworthy of its citizenship.”

Question 37

The Victorian Board of Directors of the Australian Natives’ Association (a society for native-born men, rather than First Nations peoples) in 1892:

Answer 37

“The introduction into any part of this Continent of an inferior and servile race, who cannot be permitted to participate in the government of the country, is inconsistent with Australia’s existence as a free community, and fraught with danger to the best interests of its people.”

Question 38

Alfred Deakin, in a speech he made in Bendigo in 1898

Answer 38

“A Federal Constitution is the last and final product of political intellect and constructive ingenuity; it represents the highest development of the possibilities of self-government among people scattered over a large.”

Question 39

Henry Lawson’s first published poem appeared in The Bulletin in 1887

Answer 39

“Those old-world errors and wrongs and lies. Making a hell in a Paradise. That belongs to your sons and you.”

Question 40

In 1885, Samuel Wilson, a former pastoralist and politician in Australia, wrote from London:

Answer 40

“The colonies are still passionately loyal, and are desirous of a closer and more permanent union with the mother-country”

Question 41

Historians Stuart Macintyre and Sean Scalmer

Answer 41

“Victoria, with its greater reliance on manufacturing, smaller hinterland (upon which the primary industries wool and wheat depended) and more limited revenue from land sales, took the lead in protection of local industries”

Question 42

Editorial newspaper called ‘Evening Observer’ in Brisbane and published in 24 July 1890.

Answer 42

“What can be done for the Australian black? Is he capable of Christianisation? Is he capable even of civilisation? “

Question 43

Historian Richard Broome

Answer 43

“Like the law of Providence, the law of Social Darwinism absolved settlers for the disappearance of Aboriginal people – it was the working of this law, not white colonialism, that was at fault…settlers were dreaming of a white Australia.”

Question 44

Historian Robert Lewis

Answer 44

“between 1901 and 1914 trade union membership increased five times over.”

Question 45

Justice Henry Higgins

Answer 45

“Fortunately for society, the greater number of breadwinners are men. The women are not all dragged from the homes to work while the men loaf at home”

Question 46

South Australian Premier, Charles Kingston

Answer 46

“women are equally with ourselves bound by the laws; they are, with ourselves, taxpayers”

Question 47

South Australian Premier, Charles Kingston

Answer 47

“At the present time a woman who may be the support of her family, and whose husband contributes nothing to that support, but is simply a burden and hindrance to the woman, has no vote, while her worthless husband, may be, has one.”

Question 48

Suffragist Rose Scott

Answer 48

“It is against every Principle of Democratic Government that men should legislate entirely for women or that any class should legislate entirely for another class”

Question 49

excerpt from the 1891 ‘Monster Petition’

Answer 49

“That all Adult Persons should have a voice in Making the Laws which they are required to obey…women should vote on equal terms with men.”

Question 50

Louisa Lawson explains Dawn’s mission in the first issue (1888)

Answer 50

“It is not a new thing to say that there is no power in the world like that of women, for in their hands lie the plastic unformed characters of the coming generation to be moulded beyond alteration into what form they will…we seek to represent, and for their suffrages we Sue [make appeals].”

Question 51

Queen Victoria

Answer 51

“Were woman to unsex themselves by claiming equality with men, they would become the most hateful, heathen and disgusting of beings and would surely perish without male protection.”

Question 52

Historian Raelene Frances

Answer 52

“concerned about both the quality and quantity of the white race at a time when all political parties supported the ideal of ‘White Australia’: a harmonious, prosperous society, free of racial tensions in which ‘coloured’ aliens would be excluded and the Indigenous population would die out.”

Question 53

Historian Raelene Frances

Answer 53

“The inclusion of unmarried mothers was indicative of the more inclusive approach of modern feminists, who drew no distinction between the respectable and the so-called ‘fallen’ woman.”

Question 54

Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902

Answer 54

“No aboriginal native of Australia Asia Africa or the Islands of the Pacific except New Zealand shall be entitled to have his name placed on an Electoral Roll unless so entitled under section forty-one of the Constitution.”

Question 55

Historian Raelene Frances

Answer 55

“From the very first days of Federation, Australia’s white women were accorded a stake in the nation’s destiny…they could vote for their representatives in the new federal parliament.”

Question 56

Section 41 Right of Electors of States -> of the Constitution (allowing for women in SA + WA to keep the right in which they had recently won to have the vote)

Answer 56

no adult person who has or acquires a right to vote at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of a State shall, while the right continues, be prevented by any law of the Commonwealth from voting at elections for either House of the Parliament of the Commonwealth