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Animal Repro > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

The tunica dartos muscle pushes the testis away from the body for a short period of time while the cremaster muscle pulls the testes closer for an extended period of time. T or F?

A

False

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2
Q

Thermoregulation is essential for spermatozoa to develop in the testes. What is the network of blood vessels and artery called that are responsible for decreasing body temperature in the testes?

A

Pampiniform plexus

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3
Q

What are the two main components that help maintain the blood testis barrier?

A

-Peritubular Cells
-Tight Junctions between sertoli Cells

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4
Q

What components make up the seminiferous tubule/tubular component of the testes?

A

-Peritubular cells
-Seminiferous epithelium
-Basement membrane

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5
Q

What accessory sex gland provides the gel fraction with the boar’s ejaculate?

A

Bulbourethral gland

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6
Q

The retractor muscle is important for extending the penis and is found in the stallion. T or F?

A

True

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7
Q

What hormonal analog goes with Follitropin

A

FSH

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8
Q

What hormonal analog goes with Cystorelin and Factrel

A

GnRH

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9
Q

What hormonal analog goes with ECP

A

Estradiol

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10
Q

Epicrine

A

Hormones pass through gap junctions without entering extracellular fluid

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11
Q

Neuroendocrine

A

Hormones can be synthesized in neurons and secreted directly into the bloodstream

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12
Q

Paracrine

A

Hormones diffuse through interstitial fluid

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13
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormones are transported through the blood

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14
Q

Exocrine

A

Chemical substances are secreted to the exterior of the body or into the digestive tract

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15
Q

Autocrine

A

Hormones are produced by a cell and can affect itself

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16
Q

What portion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting gonadotrophs?

A

Pars distalis

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17
Q

What region of the brain surrounds the anterior part of the hypothalamus

A

Optic chiasm

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18
Q

What region of the brain surrounds the posterior part of the hypothalamus

A

Mammillary bodies

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19
Q

What region of the brain surrounds the dorsal part of the hypothalamus

A

thalamus

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20
Q

What region of the brain surrounds the ventral part of the hypothalamus

A

sphenoid bone

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21
Q

What is the principle of cell signaling in the correct order

A

Reception, Transduction, Response

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22
Q

Protein hormones, steroid hormones, and catecholamine are unable to diffuse into the cell. T or F?

A

False

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23
Q

What hormone do leydig cells produce when stimulated by LH

A

Testosterone

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24
Q

Which types of sperm cells are undifferentiated and mitotically divide to generate future mature spermatozoa

A

-Spermatogonia A
-Spermatogonia B

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25
Q

Pathway of sperm through the male reproductive tract

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. Rete tubules
  3. efferent ducts
  4. head of epididymis
  5. body of epididymis
  6. tail of epididymis
  7. vas deferens
  8. Urethra
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26
Q

Where structure do sperm not enter?

A

Seminal vesicles

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of ovulation associated with the mare

A

-The mare can only ovulate at the ovarian fossa
-The ovarian medulla and cortex are in the same area as the cow but the structure found within them are essentially swapped

28
Q

What species have a bicornuate uterus?

A

-Sow
-Queen
-Cow

29
Q

All granulosa cells have LH receptors. T or F?

A

False

30
Q

Granulosa cells develop into large luteal cells while theca interna cells develop into small luteal cells. Both large and small luteal cells are able to response to LH to generate progesterone. T or F?

A

False

31
Q

PG2Falpha is produced by the uterus in majority of our domestic farm species. T or F?

A

True

32
Q

Females are born with all the oocytes they will ever have. T or F?

A

True

33
Q

In the process of ovarian follicle development, what is the enzyme responsible for converting pregnenolone into androstenedione, a precursor to estradiol production?

A

17 alpha Hydroxylase

34
Q

Where is the site of fertilization in the female?

A

Ampullary-Isthmic Junction

35
Q

Which phase of the estrous cycle is characterized by the highest levels of progesterone production and the presence of a mature corpus luteum

A

Diestrus

36
Q

What is the primary effect of the pre-ovulatory LH (Luteinizing Hormone) surge on the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte?

A

It induces granulosa (cumulus oophorous expansion)

37
Q

Serosa

A

-Outermost, single layer of squamous cells
-simply covers surface of reproductive tract.
-Protective in some ways

38
Q

Muscularis

A

-Double layer of smooth muscle
-outer longitudinal and inner circular
-provides ability to contract
-transport of secretory products, gametes, early embryos and expulsion of fetus and fetal membranes
-helps deliver fetus

39
Q

Submucosa

A

-Houses blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic
-varying thickness depending upon region
-also serves as supportive tissue for the mucosal layer

40
Q

Mucosa

A

-secretory layer of epithelium
-each region of the tract lined with a different type of mucosal epithelium
-ex: oviduct has mixture of ciliated and non ciliated columnar epithelium
-ex: posterior vagina lined with stratified squamous epithelium

41
Q

Deterministic

A

increase GnRH secretion is required to induce the preovulatory LH surge and thus ovulation (livestock)

42
Q

Permissive

A

-GnRH secretion need not increase
-rather, preovulatory LH surge results from enhanced sensitivity of the pituitary gland to GnRH

43
Q

What part is not a tubular part of the female reproductive tract?

A

-Ovaries

44
Q

What combinations of hormones leads to reproductive behaviors and estrus?

A

-elevated estradiol
-low progesterone

45
Q

The 9+9+2 arrangement in the sperm tail describes the…

A

Axoneme

46
Q

What hormone from the pineal gland is produced and secreted to either increase or decrease GnRH in long and short day breeders?

A

Melatonin

47
Q

Erection

A

Vasodilation, inhibit vasoconstriction, relax retractor penis muscle

48
Q

Emission

A

Contraction of cauda epididymis and vas deferens and release of accessory gland fluid

49
Q

Ejaculation

A

Contraction of smooth and striated muscle

50
Q

Precopulatory

A

Erection and penile protrusion

51
Q

Copulatory

A

Mounting, intromission, and ejaculation

52
Q

Postcopulatory

A

Dismount, refractory period, and memory

53
Q

What components make up motor proteins of sperm?

A

-Nexin
-Radial spokes
-Dynein arms

54
Q

2N

A

-Primordial germ cell
-secondary oocyte with 1 polar body

55
Q

4N

A

Primary oocyte

56
Q

1N

A

-Secondary oocyte with 2 polar bodies

57
Q

What zone pellucida (ZP) protein is essential for sperm to bind to the oocyte?

A

ZP3

58
Q

What are characteristics of how a healthy spermatozoa would travel in the uterus for fertilization

A

-Takes 4 to 16 hours to pass through uterus and oviduct in bovine
-Sperm will travel along the walls and folds

59
Q

The site of fertilization is the Uterotubal Junction. T or F?

A

False

60
Q

Which morphology classification (Scheme) is described by this description?
-primary: Head abnormalities
-Secondary: Tail Abnormalities

A

Scheme A

61
Q

Where in the female reproductive tract initiates an immune response?

A

Uterus

62
Q

At what stage of the follicle do we see the initial deposition of zona pellucida glycoproteins as well as cortical granule formation?

A

Secondary

63
Q

What is the composition of boar ejaculation?

A

Fractionated sperm free, sperm rich, coagulum

64
Q

Estradiol is responsible for promoting reproductive behavior in females, while testosterone does it in males. T or F?

A

False

65
Q

Attractivity

A

Behaviors and signals that serve to attract mates

66
Q

Receptivity

A

copulatory behavior of females that ensure insemination

67
Q

Proceptivity

A

behaviors that stimulate the male to copulate

Animal Repro (22 decks)

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