Female Anatomy Flashcards
Liquor folliculi
Fluid contained within the tertiary follicle
Cornua
-Either of the two lateral cavities of the uterus
-Fallopian tubes pass into
List the 4 layers common to all portions of the reproductive tract.
-Serosa
-Muscularis
-Submucosa
-Mucosa
Serosa
-Outermost layer
-Single layer of squamous cells
-Covers reproductive tract
Muscularis
-Double layer of smooth muscle: Outer
(Longitudinal), Inner (Circular)
-Aids in transport of secretory products: Peristaltic contraction
Submucosa
-Thickness varies
-Supportive tissue
-Contains: Blood vessels, Nerves, and Lymphatics
Mucosa
-Secretory layer of epithelium
-Each region has a different type
~Oviduct: Mixture of Ciliated columnar epithelium
and non-ciliated columnar epithelium
~Posterior vagina: Stratified squamous epithelium
Know why the location of the reproductive tract in domestic animals is significant for reproductive management (i.e. transrectal palpation and ultrasound and some of its applications).
Below the rectum
-Palpation can be done through the rectal tissue: Less struggle (not through cervix) and less risk of infection
-Rectal tissue: Better view of tract and ultrasound
Know which ovarian structure produces estradiol and the functions of estradiol.
-Follicle
-Helps stimulate Estrus behavior, Release oocyte, Thicken endometrium, Prepare for implantation
Know which ovarian structure produces progesterone and the functions of progesterone.
-Corpus Luteum
-Helps to maintain pregnancy
-Prevents ovulation while in high concentration
Describe the broad ligament.
Double layered connective tissue
Describe the broad ligament embryonic development and origin and its function.
-Origin: Peritoneum
-Development and function:
~Suspends Ovaries, Oviducts, Uterus, Cervix, Anterior Vagina
~Houses Vasculature, Nerves, and Lymphatic Vessels
List the 3 portions of the broad ligament.
-Mesovarium
-Mesosalpinx
-Mesometrium
Mesovarium
-Supports ovary
-Houses blood vessels: Hilus
Mesosalpinx
-Supports Oviduct
-Serous portion (thin): Smooth transparent membrane that covers, lines, or attaches to organs.
-Bursa-like pouch
Mesometrium
-Supports Uterine Horns
-Largest
-Most conspicuous
List the 4 layers of the ovary.
-Germinal eithelium
-Tunica albuginea
-Ovarian cortex
-Ovarian medulla
Germinal eithelium
-Single layer of cuboidal cells
-Not related to germinal cells
Tunica albuginea
Outer connective tissue
Ovarian cortex
-Usually (Not true in horses): Oocytes and Related structures
Ovarian medulla
-Central part of ovary,
-Houses Vasculature, Nerves and Lymphatics
Compare/contrast the equine ovary and the non-equine ovary.
-Farm Species
~Oocytes: Cortex
~Ovulation: Anywhere on the ovary
-Mares
~Oocyte: Medulla
~Ovulation: Ovulation Fossa
What ovarian structures are in the preovulatory stage?
-primordial follicle
-primary follicle
-Secondary follicle
-Tertiary follicle
What ovarian structures are in the postovulatory stage?
-Corpus Hemorrhagicum
-Corpus Luteum
-Corpus Albicans
primordial follicle
-Most immature
-Microscopic
-Single layer of squamous cells.
primary follicle
-Microscopic
-Single layer of cuboidal cells
Secondary follicle
-Microscopic
-Two or more layers of cuboidal cells.
Tertiary follicle
-Antral: Having fluid (liquor folliculi) in the antrum
-Graafian: Mature / Ovulating size
Corpus Hemorrhagicum
-Bloody site of protruding tissue
-On the ovary
-Directly after ovulation
Corpus Luteum
-Large / obvious
-Yellow Bodies
-On ovary
Corpus Albicans
-White
-Scar-like tissue
-Degraded CL
List the layers of the tertiary follicle.
-Theca externa
-Theca interna
-Basement membrane
-Granulosa
-Cumulus oophorus
-Oocyte
Theca externa
Primary loose connective tissue
Theca interna
hormone production
Granulosa
-hormone production
-oocyte maturation
Cumulus oophorus
-A “cloud” of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte
-Sticky
-Corona Radiata: Special designation of granulosa cells directly bordering (in contact with) the oocyte
Oocyte
The egg
List the portions of the oviduct.
-Infundibulum
-Ostium
-Ampulla
-Ampullary-isthmic junction
-isthmus
-Uterotubal junction
Infundibulum
-Funnel shaped opening to oviduct
-“Catchers Mitt”
Ostium
-Opening of the oviduct
-“Bottle Neck”
Ampulla
-Half or more of the oviduct
-Large diameter
-Fern like mucosal folds: Ciliated epithelium
-Site of fertilization
Ampullary-isthmic junction
Site of fertilization
isthmus
-Smaller diameter
-Thick muscular wall
-Fewer mucosal folds
Uterotubal junction
Site where oviduct joins the uterus
List the 3 types of uteri.
-Duplex
-Bicornuate
-Simplex
Duplex
-2 cervical canals separating each horn into distinct compartment with 1 or 2 vaginal canals
-Rabbit (one vagina)
-Possum (two vaginas)
Bicornuate
-2 uterine horns and small uterine body
-All farm species
Simplex
-single uterine body with little to no uterine horn
-Humans
Perimetrium
-Thin sheet of tissue
-Equivalent to the serosa
Myometrium
-Outer longitudinal muscle layer
-Inner circular muscle layer
-Equivalent to the muscularis
Endometrium
-Innermost layer of uterus
-Consists of the mucosa and submucosa
Describe the functions of the cervix.
-Barrier to external environment: During pregnancy
-Barrier to sperm transport: Cow and Ewe
-Produces mucus: During estrus primarily in Cow and Ewe
Describe the functions of the vagina.
-Copulatory organ
-Birth canal
-Site of urine expulsion
Cranial vagina
-Generally columnar epithelium
-Highly secretory
-Fornix: Wide part at the end of the vagina
Caudal vagina
Stratified squamous epithelium: Protective functions
Vulva
-External portion of female tract
-2 labia (major and minor): mostly adipose tissue with small bundles of smooth muscle.
-2 commissures: Dorsal and Ventral
Clitoris
-Female homologue of penis
-In ventral commissure.
Perineum
Region surrounding anus and vulva
