Quiz S4 2 Flashcards
Cognitive Schemes
mental representations that organize our knowledge, beliefs, and expectations
Where are cognitive schemes derived from?
previous experiences
How are cognitive schemes studied?
The effect they have on a more directly observable process (memory) is studied
What do Schemas influence?
all stages of memory - ERS (encoding, retrieval, storage)
How do mental schemata influence coding?
They organize the knowledge that is stores in our memory. Knowledge is perceived through the lens of existing schemas.
Bransford and Johnson Main Idea and Conclusion
Influence of Coding Schemes: Investigated the effect of context on comprehension and memory with the passages of text. Conclusion: The existence of a mental scheme prior influences organization of knowledge.
Bransford and Johnson Experiment Process and Results
5 participant groups listened to a passage and had to remember it word for word. 1. context before 2. partial context 3. no context listened twice - context after 4. no context listened once
How do mental schemata influence retrieval?
new information is actively received through a lease of existing schemas, they act from encoding to retrieval.
Anderson and Pitchert Experiment Process
Assigned students role of homebuyer or perspective of thief. They had to read a passage and then needed to reproduce the story. Then they re-read from the same/different perspective.
Anderson and Pitchert Results
Those who switched perspective remembered more information. Schemas influence retrieval
Type of Schemas
Social, Scripts, Self-Schema
Social Schema
Groups of People (stereotypes)
Script Schemas
Sequences of Events / Actions
Self - Schemas
representation about yourself
Darley and Gross
Girl taking an academic test with one group led to believe she was high socioecon while other group low socioecon. They needed to judge the girl’s academic performance. Participants judged according to pre-stored schemas (high socioecon higher)
