Quiz Questions Flashcards
What is mucin and what is the primary function?
Mucin coats the stomach lining which prevents tissues from being digested
In the small intestine, the ___ is the region known as the primary sight of digestion (enzymatic).
duodenum
Explain the difference between digestion in monogastrics and ruminants
monogastrics depend on enzymatic digestion while ruminants depend on microbial digestion
What is unique about the digestive system of the horse compared to most other monogastrics?
The horse has a larger cecum compared to other monogastrics
What is bloat in the ruminant and what is the common cause of this (more specific than feeding alfalfa hay)?
Bloat normally occurs when froth forms in the rumen usually after consuming legume species (alfalfa, clover, etc.) or a high concentrate diet. Froth is present where the esophagus enters the rumen, it can inhibit eructation and cause pneumonia.
What is bloat in the ruminant and what is the common cause of this (more specific than feeding alfalfa hay)?
Bloat normally occurs when froth forms in the rumen usually after consuming legume species (alfalfa, clover, etc.) or a high concentrate diet. Froth is present where the esophagus enters the rumen, it can inhibit eructation and cause pneumonia.
What is the reticular (or esophageal) groove and why is it important to young ruminants?
The reticular groove allows the food a young ruminant eats (particularly milk it drinks) to bypass the rumen compartment of the stomach. In young ruminants the rumen is not fully developed therefore the milk they drink needs to bypass it
Why is feeding grains (high concentrate diets) often more challenging than feeding high roughage diets to ruminants?
Feeding high concentrates requires more management. grain concentrates breakdown quicker than roughages which ruminants were not designed for.
What is coprophagy?
When an animal eats its own manure (vitamins and minerals in the manure would be sent through the digestive process again which allow it to be reabsorbed)
List the ten essential amino acids
Methionine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Phenylthalanine Arginine Threonine Histidine Tryptophan Valine
What are four essential amino acids we discussed as being the greatest concerns when feeding swine?
Methionine
Lysine
Threonine
Tryptophan
List the six nutrients
Water Carbohydrates Protein Fats/Lipids Vitamins Minerals
Protein is made up of long chains of ___ ___. List two of these that are more commonly considered limiting.
Amino acids; lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine
Explain why protein quality or balance is not as important in ruminant digestion and why non-protein nitrogen is beneficial to ruminants and not monogastrics.
Ruminants have additional microbial enzymes that are produced from the bacteria and protozoa in their stomach that help break down components they wouldn’t have otherwise been able to digest. Non-protein nitrogen helps keep the rumen functioning properly
List three macro minerals that are important in feeding livestock
selenium, sodium, phosphorus
What is one mineral that is always important in nursing pigs
Fe (Iron)
List two categories of dietary energy and briefly describe each
Net energy: the total amount of energy produced
Digestible energy: amount of energy that the animal is able to absorb and use
