Chapter 4 Flashcards
Gross energy
amount of heat produced when a feed is completely oxidized
Digestible energy
measure of the amount of energy apparently absorbed from a feed after it has been consumed/digested
Metabolizable energy
determined by subtracting energy losses in urine and combustible gases from the digestible energy value
Net energy
determined by subtracting energy losses resulting from rumen fermentation and tissue metabolism from metabolizable energy
Total Digestible Nutrients
a method to estimate energy content of a feed
Feeding standards are expressed in _____ or as _____
quantities of nutrients required per day , a percentage in the diet
Most nutrients are expressed in ___, ___, ___
weigh units, %, or ppm (parts per million)
Protein requirements commonly expressed as crude protein as an estimate based on the ____ content of the feed; sometimes express as digestible protein
nitrogen
Feeding standards (should/should not) be considered a precise requirement
should not
Name the 5 energy uses
- Maintenance
- Growth/Development
- Lactation
- Reproduction
- Work
What is the most common analysis performed on feed samples?
Proximate Analysis
Feedstuff definition
Any component of a diet/ration that serves a useful function
International Feed Number is …
the standard for identifying feeds and classifies feedstuffs into eight general categories
the first digit of the IFN indicates…
the major category
Name the eight IFN categories
- Dry roughage
- Pasture/Range grass
- Ensiled Roughages
- High Energy Concentrates
- Protein Supplements
- Mineral Supplements
- Vitamin Supplements
- Nonnutritive Additives
dry forages are at least ___% crude fiber
18
Ensiled roughages is a(n) _______ storage method for livestock feed
common
High energy concentrates are mostly ___ with less than ____% crude fiber and less than ___% protein but up to ___% TDN
cereal grains, 18, 20, 90
What are the three major sources of protein supplements?
- plant origin
- animal origin
- nonprotein nitrogen sources (urea)
What is the most common mineral supplement?
salt
What are nonnutritive additives used for?
To stimulate growth, improve feed efficiency, enhance health, and alter metabolism
IFN stands for ____
International Feed Number
IFN category 1
Dry roughages
IFN category 2
Pasture/Range grass
