Midterm Questions

Question 1

In the small intestine, the ___ is the region known as the primary sight of digestion (enzymatic and chemical)

Answer 1

duodenum

Question 2

Why is the ruminant better able to survive on poor quality forages than most other monogastrics?

Answer 2

They are able to ruminant and have microbes for microbial digestion.

Question 3

True/False: Digestion is defined as converting complex feed nutrients into absorbable forms

Answer 3

true

Question 4

True/False: Horses are omnivorous, monogastrics and have a complex foregut and relatively simple intestinal tract

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True/False: The shape and size of various components of the GIT are nearly identical among species

Answer 5

false

Question 6

True/False: Cattle and sheep will masticate food only to a limited extent before ingesting it

Answer 6

true

Question 7

True/False: The second region of the stomach is the cardiac region, it is lined with epithelial cells that primarily secrete mucin

Answer 7

true

Question 8

True/False: Presence of food causes secretion of mucin which starts the digestion process

Answer 8

false

Question 9

True/False: Roughages are plant material that are high in protein for herbivores

Answer 9

false

Question 10

True/False: Roughages are high in crude fiber

Answer 10

true

Question 11

True/False: feeding value decreases as plants mature in the case of roughages

Answer 11

true

Question 12

True/False: nutritional value of roughages are increased through haying or ensiling

Answer 12

false

Question 13

True/False: visual inspection is of little value as an indication of quality for hay

Answer 13

false

Question 14

True/False: making silage generally increases waste of roughages

Answer 14

false

Question 15

True/False: lactic acid is the primary acid involved in the ensiling process

Answer 15

true

Question 16

True/False: silage is generally between 65% and 75% dry matter

Answer 16

false

Question 17

True/False: All living cells synthesize proteins

Answer 17

true

Question 18

True/False: Carbohydrates are the most abundant nutrient in living organisms and animals besides water

Answer 18

false

Question 19

True/False: dietary sources of amino acids must be provided for most animals

Answer 19

true

Question 20

True/False: in ruminants, microbial population synthesizes microbial protein in rumen and large intestine

Answer 20

true

Question 21

True/False: biological value measures the portion of dietary protein that when consumed are retained by the animal

Answer 21

true

Question 22

True/False: Feeding large amounts of excess protein is generally a good idea for producers

Answer 22

false

Question 23

True/False: By-pass protein escapes degradation by microbes in the rumen

Answer 23

true

Question 24

True/False: not all biological processes require energy

Answer 24

false

Question 25

True/False: when feeding concentrates, the cereal grains play the most important role

Answer 25

true

Question 26

True/False: grains are very deficient in phosphorus

Answer 26

false

Question 27

True/False: when nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) is used in feeds the maximum percentage included must be listed on the label

Answer 27

true

Question 28

True/False: feed labels for medicated feeds must include a listing for minimum withdrawal period required before slaughter for human food

Answer 28

true

Question 29

True/False: in the international feed number the first number indicates the major category of a feed stuff

Answer 29

true

Question 30

List four common energy concentrates which were discussed and reported on in class

Answer 30

corn, oats, barley, sorghum

Question 31

List four common protein concentrates which were discussed and reported on in class

Answer 31

dairy byproducts, whey, urea, blood meal

Question 32

why is urea or NPN important if feeding ruminants and what does it do for them nutritionally

Answer 32

it helps build/support the microbial population which help break down food

Question 33

what are six of the eight key areas of feed labels

Answer 33

``` manufacturer name/address product name guaranteed analysis list of ingredients directions of use warnings (if any) ```

Question 34

list the six nutrients and an important function of each

Answer 34

``` water - transportation carbohydrates - energy proteins - growth fats/lipids - energy minerals - vitamins - ```

Question 35

What grain is considered the standard for energy concentrates? What is its normal book value for crude protein? What is its normal book value for total digestible nutrients

Answer 35

Corn; 10%; 90%

Question 36

List two ways that feed is broken down or digested in livestock

Answer 36

enzymatic digestion | chemical digestion

Question 37

list two functions that use energy for production

Answer 37

egg laying | lactation/milk production

Question 38

list two common collective terms used in feed labeling and two feeds that could be included under these terms

Answer 38

animal byproducts - blood meal, bone meal | dairy byproducts - casein, whey

Question 39

list the four dietary energies in order

Answer 39

digestible energy metabolizable energy production energy net energy

Question 40

When analyzing feeds for protein content what element is measured using the Kjeldahl procedure to calculate protein

Answer 40

NPN

Question 41

when measuring fat in feeds Ether Extract is used. How much energy is there in fats as compared to carbohydrates

Answer 41

2.25

Question 42

list three things that can influence the quality of hay

Answer 42

when it was cut how long it was left to dry soil quality/amount of water it got when growing

Question 43

why is it important to make sure that silage is packed thoroughly?

Answer 43

if it is not packed correctly it may not be able to generate enough heat to get lactic acid to optimal levels and it may spoil

Question 44

What happens to the quality of roughages as they mature related to CP and TDN

Answer 44

as plants mature crude protein and total digestible nutrients will likely decrease. if left too long, key nutrients may return to the soil from the plant as it begins to die