Quiz Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is a skeletal adverse reaction that can occur when taking cromoglycates
Joint pain
oral corticosteroids are secreted via
urine
when using beta-2 receptor agonists, patient should undergo periodic measurement of
IOP
When prescribing an antibacterial agent for otitis externa, the healthcare practitioner must consider that certain agents have the potential for ototoxicity. Which agent has the greatest potential for it
neomycin/polymyxin B
A patient presents with a red, painful right eye and purulent drainage. Culture shows neisseria gonorrhea. NKDA. what opthalmic agent would be most effective
sulfacetamide opthalmic preparation
after 1 week of treatment for otitis externa with topical antibacterial there is no improvement, whats next
suspect overgrowth of nonsuceptible organism and obtain culture
Montelukast can be used to treat chronic asthma in which age group
1 and older
SABAs are metabolized via
liver
12 yo presents w/ mod left ear pain and serosanguineos drainage. tympanic membrane is perforated. Why should you NOT prescribe benzocaine
contraindicated with perforated eardrum
what decreases absorption of antihistamines
antacids
proper method for ear drop instillation in a child
down and back
when choosing a topical anti-infective, ointments are usually considered more potent, why?
they are more occlusive
patients should NOT take albuterol/ipratropium (Combivent) if they are allergic to
soy (peanuts)
What is the appropriate dose of spiriva when treating COPD
18mcg once daily
when using oral corticosteroids to treat asthma, which electrolyte should be monitores
potassium
what healthcare education should be given to a geriatric patient who is using sulfacetamide solution for his left eye that was prescribed 2 months ago
discard when it turns dark
LABA mechanism of action
stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
mechanism of action of an opthalmic topical anesthetic
acting locally, they block initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s sensitivity to sodium ions, thereby decreasing the sensation of pain
half-life of prednisone
2.5-3.5 hours
when salmeterol (Serevent) is used to treat exercise-induced asthma, how should it be dosed
1 inhalation 30 min prior to exercise
mechanism of action for demulcents
form a protective film on the ocular surface, allowing for epithelial repair
mechanism of action for polymers
bind to natural tears and the mucosal surface of the eye to form a protective, lubricant film
mechanism of action for hygroscopic agents
draw water into corneal cells to protect against hyperosmotic stress
mechanism of action for hypertonicity agents
placed in ocular lubricants to draw excess fluid from cornea into tears
LABAs interact with
beta blockers
anti-infective otic agent with a steroid preparation
ciprofloxacin with hydrocortisone
duration of action for all LABAs
12 hours
possible adverse effect of an anticholinergic
worsening glaucoma
A patient with dry eye was prescribed refresh lacri-lube ointment 3 weeks ago with no improvement. If there is no underlying cause, what is likely the problem
she puts it on in the morning before work
contact lense wearers are at greater risk for what type of infection
fungal
contraindicated for use of anticholinergics
prostate enlargement
what other med may need to be adjusted when a patient is taking oral corticosteroids
insulin
a patient has used Debrox for 7 days and now complains of hearing loss. Why
damage to tympanic membrane for use longer than 4 days
what interacts with opthalmic vasoconstrictors causing increased IOP
MAOIs
mechanism of action for bacitacin
inhibits the incorporation of amino acids and nucleotides into the bacterial cell wall
mechanism of action for sulfacetamide
inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate
mechanism of action for fluoroquinolones
inhibits DNA synthesis in invading bacteria
mechanism of action for sulfa drugs
blocks synthesis of folic acid in susceptible bacteria
mechanism of action for erythromycin
prevents protein synthesis in bacteria
common dermatological side effect of long term use of oral prednisone
acne
why are CCBs effective for treating HTN
generally produce no significant CNS side effects and can treat co=existing conditions like angina
one advantage of treating a patient with irbesartan (avapro) instead of enalapril (vasotec)
does not produce dry cough
HTN patients with migraines, ischemic heart disease, or CHF would benefit most form which medication
beta blockers
what drug causes hypotension, dizziness, and death when mixed with nitrates
sildenafil (Viagra)
mechanism of action of which drug reduces preload (through vasodilation) and afterload (through arterial dilation) thus helping to treat both HTN and CHF
captopril
(ACE inhibitor)
patient c/o syncope, postural hypotension, tachycardia, throbbing headaches, and hot flushes. These are common side effects of which medication
nitro patch
a lupus like syndrome occurs with high dosages of which drug
hydralazine
a patient with digoxin toxicity will most likely report what symptom
blurry vision
what is the drug type of choice for prinzmental angina as well as for patients with stable angina, HTN, and supraventricular arrythmias
CCBs
what should NOT be used in a HTN patient who has gout
diuretic
ACE inhibitors increase circulating levels of what
bradykinin
most common side effect of thiazide diuretics
potassium depletion
in addition to nausea, dizziness, and fatigue, what is another possible side effect of CCBs
apoplexy
which drug is best for a black woman with HTN who becomes pregnant
HCTZ
quinidine is an example of which type of antiarrhythmic
sodium channel blocker
black oatient with HTN tend to respond better to
CCBs
80 yo patient with hx of glaucoma presents with hypertensive emergency. Which drug is contraindicated
losartan/HCTS (Hyzaar)
what is a class 1C medication that stabilizes membranes and depresses the action potential phase
flecainide (Tambocor)
what drug is a potassium sparing diuretic
spironolactone
potassium channel blockers are in which class of antiarrhythmic drugs
3
what should NOT be used to treat HTN in pregnant female
losartan
rebound HTN can occur with abrupt withdrawal of
clonidine
because CCBs undergo extensive first pas metabolism what would you expect to see in a patient with cirrhosis
the drug’s half-life is altered
patient is on a BP med but can’t remember the name. c/o skin rash and cough. What is she likely taking
captopril
(ACE inhibitor)
what drug should be avoided when treating a patient with HTN and asthma
metoprolol
what food increases depletion of potassium, thereby increasing risk for digoxin toxicity
licorice
thiazide diuretics act on the distal convoluted tubule where they block transport of what
sodium and chloride
what is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics that causes reduced BP
decrease in sodium and water retention which decreases blood volume which decreases cardiac output
what is both an alpha and beta adrenergic blocker
carvedilol
what is the most common side effect of thiazide diuretics
potsddium depletion
a patient experiencing supraventricular arrhythmia has no success with valsalvas maneuver. she has 90% bilat carotid stenosis. What do you do
administer adenosine
what is the drug of choice for pregnancy induced HTN
methyldopa (Aldomet)
why should high doses of short acting CCBs be avoided
increased risk of MI
beta blockers are used in the treatment of CHF because theyr educe heart muscle oxygen demand by
reducing the force of heart muscle contractions
which medication has a side effect profile of dry cough, hyperkalemia, dizziness
captopril
(ACE inhibitor)
absorption of fibric acid deriviatives is reduced by the presence of
levothyroxine is contraindicated in which scenario
patient with recent MI
what is the half-life of PTU
1.5-5 hours
which patient newly diagnosed with T2DM would respond best to sulfonylureas
mild to moderate fasting hyperglycemia
which sulfonylurea causes the most side effects
chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
what is the mechanism of action for sulfonylureas
increasing insulin secretion from pancreatic B cells
contraindication for the use of PTU
pregnancy
levothyroxine is secreted in what
feces
patients taking methimazole (Tapazole) should avoid what
shellfish (iodine)
reversible side effect in children started on T3/T4 combo (liothyronine/levothyroxine)
hair loss
55 y.o man who is 5’9 and 225lbs with T2DM
no comorbidities or medication
recent A1C 6.7%
begin oral hypoglycemic metformin
hold levothyroxine for HR>?
100
