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Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of these would be an example of an adaptive trait?

An increase in skin pigment concentrations following increased sun exposure during spring break.

A population of lizards exhibiting shorter legs on average after a few generations of colonizing a new habitat full of narrow surfaces.

Thinning of blood after living in a warmer climate for a few years.

Improved marathon times with training.

A

A population of lizards exhibiting shorter legs on average after a few generations of colonizing a new habitat full of narrow surfaces.

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2
Q

Which of the following scenarios is an example of phenotypic plasticity?

Birds from two different populations exhibiting the same trait after being raised in different environments.

Birds from two different populations each exhibiting traits of their founder populations after being raised in the same novel environment.

Birds from the same population raised in different environments exhibiting one trait in one environment and a different trait in another.

Birds from the same population exhibiting the same trait after being raised in different environments.

A

Birds from the same population raised in different environments exhibiting one trait in one environment and a different trait in another.

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3
Q

What leaf type is adapted to minimize damage from wind and rain?

Simple Leaf

Compound Leaf

Needlelike Leaves

Tendrils

A

Compound Leaf

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4
Q

Which of the following is a simple tissue?

Dermal tissue

Sclerenchyma

Phloem

Parenchyma

A

Parenchyma

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5
Q

Totipotency is the process by which guard cells change shape to open and close the stomata

True

False

A

False

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6
Q

The tissue consisting of cells arranged in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other materials is:

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Vascular tissue

Epithelial tissue

A

Connective tissue

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7
Q

Which of these statements is false?

Larger animals have lower surface area to volume ratios.

Surface area determines the rate at which things diffuse across the membrane into a cell.

For its body size, a mouse requires less food than an elephant to survive.

Volume determines the rate at which nutrients are used and waste is generated.

A

For its body size, a mouse requires less food than an elephant to survive.

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8
Q

Which of these shapes would have the lowest surface area to volume ratio?

A leaf

A long noodle

A branching limb

A sphere

A

A sphere

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9
Q

Modified roots that grow from the shoot system are called what?

Pneumatophores

Adventitious roots

Taproots

Rhizomes

A

Adventitious roots

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10
Q

Which of these cells are part of the phloem?

Tracheids

Sclereids

Vessel elements

Sieve-tube elements

A

Sieve-tube elements

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11
Q

The human brain represents what part of a homeostatic system?

Sensor

Effector

Integrator

Antagonist

A

Integrator

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12
Q

Which of the following statements is true about countercurrent exchange mechanisms?

Countercurrent exchanges have two fluids flowing in the same direction as each other to maximize heat exchange.

Countercurrent exchangers maintain a gradient between two fluids along their entire length.

Countercurrent exchangers are inefficient at maintaining core body temperatures.

Countercurrent exchange mechanisms allow for fluids to ultimately reach an average temperature between the starting temperature of two fluids.

A

Countercurrent exchangers maintain a gradient between two fluids along their entire length.

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13
Q

If the molecules of a gas make up 10% of the total molecules in a volume of air, what is the partial pressure of that gas at a location with an atmospheric pressure of 400 mm Hg?

4000 mm Hg

160 mm Hg

40 mm Hg

53 mm Hg

A

40 mm Hg

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14
Q

According to Fick’s law, which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion of a gas?

Reduced temperature

Increased surface area available for diffusion

Reduced difference in partial pressure of the gas across the gas-exchange surface

Increased thickness of the barrier for diffusion

A

Increased surface area available for diffusion

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15
Q

Which of these is an example of ram ventilation?

A tuna swimming quickly with its mouth open

A frog forcing air into it’s lungs by compressing its throat/buccal cavity

Performing CPR on a patient that has stopped breathing

Unidirectional airflow in bird lungs

A

A tuna swimming quickly with its mouth open

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16
Q

Which of these conditions is not characteristic of gas exchange in the gills of fish?

Countercurrent flow of blood through the capillaries relative to the flow of water over the gull surface.

A slight gradient in partial pressure of oxygen between the water & blood along the entire length of the gill lamellae.

A large difference in oxygen partial pressure between the start and end of the gill lamellae.

Blood and water departing the gill lamellae at a partial pressure that is approximately the average of each of their starting partial pressures.

A

Blood and water departing the gill lamellae at a partial pressure that is approximately the average of each of their starting partial pressures.

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17
Q

Which of these statements is false?

Human lungs remain expanded because the pleural cavity has a slightly lower pressure than atmospheric pressure.

Mammals pump air using positive pressure ventilation.

At rest, exhalation in humans is largely a passive process.

About one-third of the volume of airinhaled does not participate in gas exchange.

A

Mammals pump air using positive pressure ventilation.

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18
Q

How many complete inhalation & exhalation cycles are required for a volume of air to completely pass through the bird lung?

One (one inhalation and one exhalation)

Two (two inhalations and two exhalations)

Three (three inhalations and three exhalations)

four (four inhalations and four exhalations)

A

Two (two inhalations and two exhalations)

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19
Q

What factor is sensed by neurons leading to the medullary respiratory center of the brain and results in an increased breathing rate?

Increased concentration of hydrogen ions increasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Increased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions increasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

A

Increased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

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20
Q

The tendency of hemoglobin to become more likely to bind additional oxygen after having bound an initial oxygen molecule is called:

oxygen dissociation

homeostatic control

cooperative binding

Bohr shift

A

cooperative binding

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21
Q

Water will tend to move from areas of ____________ to areas of _____________.

low water potential; high water potential

low water concentration; high water concentration

high water potential; low water potential

high water concentration; low water concentration

A

high water potential; low water potential

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22
Q

The solute potential of a living cell is _____________.

always positive

always negative

dependent on turgor pressure

dependent on temperature

A

always negative

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23
Q

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will _____________.

have no net movement of water into or out of the cell

become flaccid

have net movement out of the cell

have net movement into the cell

A

have net movement into the cell

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24
Q

The pressure potential of a living cell is _____________.

always positive

always negative

dependent on turgor pressure

dependent on temperature

A

always positive

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25
Q

Pressure potential is higher in ___________ air.

dry, warm

dry, cool

humid, warm

humid, cool

A

humid, cool

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26
Q

Water flows through the xylem of plants by bulk flow driven by forces associated with ____________.

translocation

the cohesion-tension theory

the pressure-flow hypothesis

facilitated diffusion

A

the cohesion-tension theory

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27
Q

The process of _____________ results in material traveling through the plant vascular tissue system in different directions depending on the time of year and growth patterns of the plant.

transpiration

transduction

translocation

transportation

A

translocation

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28
Q

Phloem sap travels through which type of cells?

Vessel elements

Tracheids

Parenchyma

Sieve-tube elements

A

Sieve-tube elements

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29
Q

The metabolism of sieve-tube elements are supported by ___________.

stomata

tracheids

companion cells

source cells

A

companion cells

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30
Q

Differences in _____________ near source & sink tissues generate the necessary force to drive sugar transport from sources to sinks.

turgor pressure

light exposure

metabolic rates

surface area-to-volume ratios

A

turgor pressure

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31
Q

An osmoconformer is an organism where the cells & tissues are ___________ relative to their surrounding environment.

hypoosmotic

isosmotic

hyperosmotic

basic

A

isosmotic

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32
Q

Marine bony fishes ___________ water to/from the environment and _____________ electrolytes to/from the environment.

gain; gain

gain; lose

lose; gain

lose; lose

A

lose; gain

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33
Q

Freshwater fish actively transport electrolytes _____________ their gills and _______________ to control water levels in the body.

out of; excrete limited amounts of concentrated urine

out of; excrete large amounts of dilute urine

into; excrete limited amounts of concentrated urine

into; excrete large amounts of dilute urine

A

into; excrete large amounts of dilute urine

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34
Q

The shark rectal gland involves the presence of a Na+/K+-ATPase and a Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporter in the ____________ membrane and a Chloride channel in the ____________ membrane

apical; apical

apical; basolateral

basolateral; apical

basolateral; basolateral

A

basolateral; apical

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35
Q

Cotransporters move coins against their concentration gradient by way of ________________.

primary active transport

secondary active transport

passive transport

aquaporins

A

secondary active transport

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36
Q

The Na+/K+-ATPase in the shark rectal gland pumps 3 Na+ ions __________________, while it pumps 2 K+ ions ___________________.

into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland

into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the epithelial cells of the rectal gland

into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland

into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland

into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland

into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland

into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland

into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland

into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland

A

into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland

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37
Q

When a sea bass is in sea water, Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters are found in the ___________ side of chloride cells, while they are found in the ___________ side when they are found in freshwater.

apical; apical

apical; basolateral

basolateral; apical

basolateral; basolateral

A

basolateral; apical

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38
Q

During regulation of water and electrolyte balance in aniamls, the formation of the initial filtrate is _____________, while the reabsorption process is ____________.

not particularly selective; not particularly selective

not particularly selective; highly selective

highly selective; not particularly selective

highly selective; highy selective

A

not particularly selective; highly selective

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39
Q

In what portion of the loop of Henle is water actively transported out of the nephron into the interstitial fluid?

Descending limb

Thin ascending limb

Thich ascending limb

None of the above

A

None of the above

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40
Q

A dehydrated individual (will/will not) secrete antidiuretic hormone, resulting in aquaporins (being/not being) inserted into the collecting duct.

will; being

will; not being

will not; being

will not; not being

A

will; being

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41
Q

In a reflex response, what is the correct pathway of information between a pain sensor and the withdrawal of your body from the painful stimulus?

Sensory neuron -> Brain -> Motor neuron

Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron

Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Brain -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron

Sensory neuron -> Motor neuron

A

Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron

42
Q

Membrane potentials are expressed in terms of _________________ with the _____________ value defined as 0 mV.

inside charge relative to outside charge; inside charge

inside charge relative to outside charge; outside charge

outside charge relative to inside charge; inside charge

outside charge relative to inside charge; outside charge

A

inside charge relative to outside charge; outside charge

43
Q

The interior of the membrane of a neuron at rest tends to have high concentrations of ____________, while the exterior of the membrane at rest tends to have high concentrations of _____________.

sodium ions; potassium ions

chloride ions; organic anions

sodium ions; chloride ions

potassium ions; sodium ions

A

potassium ions; sodium ions

44
Q

Na+/K+-ATPases in the membrane of neurons actively pump _________ ions out of the cell for every ____________ ions into the cell.

three sodium; two potassium

two potassium; three sodium

two sodium; three potassium

three potassium; two sodium

A

three sodium; two potassium

45
Q

The second phase of an action potential is the ____________ phase.

depolarization

hyperpolarization

refractory

repolarization

A

repolarization

46
Q

Action potentials are _________________.

graded responses

slow changes to membrane potential

all-or-none events

permanent changes in membrane potential

A

all-or-none events

47
Q

During the depolarization phase of an action potential voltage-gated _________ channels open allowing those ions to rush __________ the neuron.

sodium; into

sodium out of

potassium; into

potassium; out of

A

sodium; into

48
Q

An action potential does not turn around and travel back in the opposite direction because of the _________________ and ____________________ at adjacent regions of the membrane that just experienced the action potential

refractory state; repolarization phase

negative feedback; hyperpolarization phase

negative feedback; repolarization phase

refractory state; hyperpolarization phase

A

refractory state; hyperpolarization phase

49
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the immune system targeting ____________, which results in a(n) ___________ to the speed of action potential propagation in the CNS.

schwann cells; decrease

schwann cells; increase

oligodendrocytes; decrease

oligodendrocytes; increase

A

oligodendrocytes; decrease

50
Q

Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane is the result of _____________.

an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

an action potential

summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)

A

an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

51
Q

Oikos means:

Ecology

Home

Evolution

Conservation

A

Home

52
Q

What is the number one cause of species declines?

Habitat Loss

Disease

Contaminants

Invasive Species

A

Habitat Loss

53
Q

What would happen if the Earth’s axis was NOT tilted?

The Earth would be hotter

There would be no seasons

There would be no predominant wind patterns

There would be no deserts

A

There would be no seasons

54
Q

What does SLOSS stand for?

Suitable Land Over Saved Species

Single Loss Or Several Saves

Single Large Or Several Small

Sustainable Land Operations Saving Specie

A

Single Large Or Several Small

55
Q

What is the following biome?

Tropical Rainforest

Savannah

Desert

Taiga

A

Desert

56
Q

What is DDT?

An insecticide

A radioactive chemical

A conservation agency

An herbicide

A

An insecticide

57
Q

With increasing biodiversity there is increased ecosystem _________.

Resistance

Resilience

Resistance and Resilience

Instability

A

Resistance and Resilience

58
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason to protect amphibians?

They taste great with butter

They play a key role in ecosystems

Many contain toxins in their skin

They become hermaphrodites at low exposures to Atrazine

A

They taste great with butter

59
Q

Which of the following animals is extinct from the state which bears its resemblance on the state flag?

Grizzly Bear

Polar Bear

Brown Bear

Black Bea

A

Grizzly Bear

60
Q

What is an endemic species?

A species that lives in a desert

A species that is threatened with extinction

A species that lives in a particular region

A species that is warm blooded

A

A species that lives in a particular region

61
Q

Which of the following is not a marine zone?

Photic

Aphotic

Littoral

Neritic

A

Littoral

62
Q

Which of the following is lotic?

Lake Michigan

Missouri River

Pacific Ocean

Dead Sea

A

Missouri River

63
Q

Whales are an example of:

Zooplankton

Phytoplankton

Nekton

Limnetic

A

Nekton

64
Q

Which of the following is Hamilton’s Rule?

dN/dt = rN

Br > C

B

dN/dt = Br

A

B

65
Q

Community resilience refers to:

How many species are in the community

The extent to which a community remains unchanged during a disturbance

How quickly a community recovers following a disturbance

The ability of a community to maintain productivity over time.

A

How quickly a community recovers following a disturbance

66
Q

Which of the following is an ultimate explanation for behavior?

Being a larger male allows for the protection of young

Male bulls strike at anything red in color

Long tailfins in male swordfish are more attractive mates

A goose will instinctually pull an egg back to her nest

A

Being a larger male allows for the protection of young

67
Q

What would you predict might happen if you raised a song sparrow in the presence of only a white crowned sparrow adult?

It would sing like a white crowned sparrow

It would sing like a song sparrow

It would not sing

It would sing abnormally

A

It would sing abnormally

68
Q

Male peacocks have large tails with several colors due to:

Intersexual selection

Natural selection

Intrasexual selection

Artificial selection

A

Intersexual selection

69
Q

You find in a remote jungle a species of bird where there are two types of males: larger, brightly colored ones and smaller ones that look like females. These smaller males are probably:

Territorial males

Mutant males

Another species of bird

Sneaky fuckers

A

Sneaky fuckers

70
Q

Optimal foraging theory predicts that:

Individuals always attack the largest prey items

Individuals have fixed behavior

Individuals dance elaborately to impress females

Individuals balance costs and benefits when selecting a nest site.

A

Individuals balance costs and benefits when selecting a nest site.

71
Q

Which of the following Archaea are parasitic?

Crenarchaeota

Nanoarchaeota

Korarchaeota

Euryarchaeota

A

Nanoarchaeota

72
Q

A test comes up Gram positive. This means:

It has a thick peptidoglycan layer

It has a thin peptidoglycan layer

It has no peptidoglycan layer

It is an Archaea

A

It has a thick peptidoglycan layer

73
Q

Which group of bacteria are closely related to mitochondria?

α Protobacteria

Spirochaetes

Actinobacteria

Cyanobacteria

A

α Protobacteria

74
Q

In Plasmodium, what genetic makeup is a gametocyte?

4N

2N

1N

0N

A

1N

75
Q

Which group possesses hydrogenosomes?

Plantae

Excavata

Ciliaphora

Rhizaria

A

Excavata

76
Q

Which of the following protists have a feeding groove?

Plantae

Opisthokonta

Excavata

Ciliaphora

A

Excavata

77
Q

What is the trait that Archea and Eukarya share?

No membrane bound organelles

Contain mitochondria

An RNA sequence

No peptidoglycan in cell walls

A

An RNA sequence

78
Q

Which two groups are most closely related?

Eukarya and Archaea

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukarya and Bacteria

None are related

A

Eukarya and Archaea

79
Q

All protists are:

mixotrophic

unicellular

monophyletic

eukaryotic

A

eukaryotic

80
Q

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because ________.

bacteria decompose protists

protists are photosynthetic

protists have a membrane -bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack

protists eat bacteria

A

protists have a membrane -bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack

81
Q

Amphibians are most closely related to which protist?

Opisthokonta

Diatoms

Proteobacteria

Foraminiferans

A

Opisthokonta

82
Q

Which of the following groups has a species that causes malaria?

Apicomplexa

Excavata

Stamenopila

Kinetoplastid

A

Apicomplexa

83
Q

What is responsible for the deliciousness of PBR beer?

Mycelia

Yeast cells

Fungal symbiosis with algae

Magic

A

Yeast cells

84
Q

Which group of plants are non-vascular?

Pteridophytes

Lycophytes

Mosses

Cycads

A

Mosses

85
Q

Which of the following structures produces wood in trees?

Periderm

Phloem

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

A

Vascular cambium

86
Q

Which group is in plant roots (but not plant cells)?

AMF

EMF

Lichens

Periphyton

A

EMF

87
Q

Which of the following groups have a feeding groove?

Plantae

Ciliaphora

Excavata

Rhizaria

A

Excavata

88
Q

Where are cones located on a pine tree?

Female cones on top, Male cones on bottom

Male cones on top, Female cones on bottom

Cones are evenly distributed throughout tree

There are no male and female cones

A

Female cones on top, Male cones on bottom

89
Q

Which of the following groups removed most of the CO2 from the atmosphere millions of years ago?

Bryophytes

Lycophytes

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

A

Lycophytes

90
Q

Which of the following groups is Plasmodium part of?

Opisthokonta

Rhizaria

Alveolata

Stramenopila

A

Alveolata

91
Q

Which of the following is the middle germ layer?

Ectoderm

Metaderm

Mesoderm

Meroderm

A

Mesoderm

92
Q

Which stage of development best resembles a playground ball?

Gastrula

Blastula

Lastula

Zygote

A

Blastula

93
Q

What opportunistic fungi often causes death in those with AIDS?

Pneomocystis carinii

Dermophytes

Chytrid

Basidiocarps

A

Pneomocystis carinii

94
Q

How are fungi similar to animals?

Autotrophic

All have flagella

Store surplus food in glycogen

Are phagotrophic

A

Store surplus food in glycogen

95
Q

Which of the following groups contain ‘sac fungi’?

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Glomeromycota

Chytridiomycota

A

Ascomycota

96
Q

Which group is Ephedra californica from?

Coniferophyta

Gnetophyta

Monocots

Eudicots

A

Gnetophyta

97
Q

Which is most descriptive of AMF?

A type of lichen

Fungi that live in plant roots but outside the cells

Fungi that live in plant roots including inside the cells

An deep water rotifer

A

Fungi that live in plant roots including inside the cells

98
Q

Which of the following is part fungus part plant?

Lichens

Paramecium

Plasmodium

Dr. Kerby

A

Lichens

99
Q

Which of the following demonstrate radial symmetry?

Sponges

Sea anenomes

Flatworms

Rotifers

A

Sea anenomes

100
Q

Which of the following is a paraphyletic group?

Eukarya

Animalia

Prokaryotes

Gymnosperms

A

Prokaryotes

General Biology 2 (8 decks)

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