Quiz Questions Flashcards
Which of these would be an example of an adaptive trait?
An increase in skin pigment concentrations following increased sun exposure during spring break.
A population of lizards exhibiting shorter legs on average after a few generations of colonizing a new habitat full of narrow surfaces.
Thinning of blood after living in a warmer climate for a few years.
Improved marathon times with training.
A population of lizards exhibiting shorter legs on average after a few generations of colonizing a new habitat full of narrow surfaces.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of phenotypic plasticity?
Birds from two different populations exhibiting the same trait after being raised in different environments.
Birds from two different populations each exhibiting traits of their founder populations after being raised in the same novel environment.
Birds from the same population raised in different environments exhibiting one trait in one environment and a different trait in another.
Birds from the same population exhibiting the same trait after being raised in different environments.
Birds from the same population raised in different environments exhibiting one trait in one environment and a different trait in another.
What leaf type is adapted to minimize damage from wind and rain?
Simple Leaf
Compound Leaf
Needlelike Leaves
Tendrils
Compound Leaf
Which of the following is a simple tissue?
Dermal tissue
Sclerenchyma
Phloem
Parenchyma
Parenchyma
Totipotency is the process by which guard cells change shape to open and close the stomata
True
False
False
The tissue consisting of cells arranged in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other materials is:
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Vascular tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Which of these statements is false?
Larger animals have lower surface area to volume ratios.
Surface area determines the rate at which things diffuse across the membrane into a cell.
For its body size, a mouse requires less food than an elephant to survive.
Volume determines the rate at which nutrients are used and waste is generated.
For its body size, a mouse requires less food than an elephant to survive.
Which of these shapes would have the lowest surface area to volume ratio?
A leaf
A long noodle
A branching limb
A sphere
A sphere
Modified roots that grow from the shoot system are called what?
Pneumatophores
Adventitious roots
Taproots
Rhizomes
Adventitious roots
Which of these cells are part of the phloem?
Tracheids
Sclereids
Vessel elements
Sieve-tube elements
Sieve-tube elements
The human brain represents what part of a homeostatic system?
Sensor
Effector
Integrator
Antagonist
Integrator
Which of the following statements is true about countercurrent exchange mechanisms?
Countercurrent exchanges have two fluids flowing in the same direction as each other to maximize heat exchange.
Countercurrent exchangers maintain a gradient between two fluids along their entire length.
Countercurrent exchangers are inefficient at maintaining core body temperatures.
Countercurrent exchange mechanisms allow for fluids to ultimately reach an average temperature between the starting temperature of two fluids.
Countercurrent exchangers maintain a gradient between two fluids along their entire length.
If the molecules of a gas make up 10% of the total molecules in a volume of air, what is the partial pressure of that gas at a location with an atmospheric pressure of 400 mm Hg?
4000 mm Hg
160 mm Hg
40 mm Hg
53 mm Hg
40 mm Hg
According to Fick’s law, which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion of a gas?
Reduced temperature
Increased surface area available for diffusion
Reduced difference in partial pressure of the gas across the gas-exchange surface
Increased thickness of the barrier for diffusion
Increased surface area available for diffusion
Which of these is an example of ram ventilation?
A tuna swimming quickly with its mouth open
A frog forcing air into it’s lungs by compressing its throat/buccal cavity
Performing CPR on a patient that has stopped breathing
Unidirectional airflow in bird lungs
A tuna swimming quickly with its mouth open
Which of these conditions is not characteristic of gas exchange in the gills of fish?
Countercurrent flow of blood through the capillaries relative to the flow of water over the gull surface.
A slight gradient in partial pressure of oxygen between the water & blood along the entire length of the gill lamellae.
A large difference in oxygen partial pressure between the start and end of the gill lamellae.
Blood and water departing the gill lamellae at a partial pressure that is approximately the average of each of their starting partial pressures.
Blood and water departing the gill lamellae at a partial pressure that is approximately the average of each of their starting partial pressures.
Which of these statements is false?
Human lungs remain expanded because the pleural cavity has a slightly lower pressure than atmospheric pressure.
Mammals pump air using positive pressure ventilation.
At rest, exhalation in humans is largely a passive process.
About one-third of the volume of airinhaled does not participate in gas exchange.
Mammals pump air using positive pressure ventilation.
How many complete inhalation & exhalation cycles are required for a volume of air to completely pass through the bird lung?
One (one inhalation and one exhalation)
Two (two inhalations and two exhalations)
Three (three inhalations and three exhalations)
four (four inhalations and four exhalations)
Two (two inhalations and two exhalations)
What factor is sensed by neurons leading to the medullary respiratory center of the brain and results in an increased breathing rate?
Increased concentration of hydrogen ions increasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.
Increased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.
Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions increasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.
Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.
Increased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.
The tendency of hemoglobin to become more likely to bind additional oxygen after having bound an initial oxygen molecule is called:
oxygen dissociation
homeostatic control
cooperative binding
Bohr shift
cooperative binding
Water will tend to move from areas of ____________ to areas of _____________.
low water potential; high water potential
low water concentration; high water concentration
high water potential; low water potential
high water concentration; low water concentration
high water potential; low water potential
The solute potential of a living cell is _____________.
always positive
always negative
dependent on turgor pressure
dependent on temperature
always negative
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will _____________.
have no net movement of water into or out of the cell
become flaccid
have net movement out of the cell
have net movement into the cell
have net movement into the cell
The pressure potential of a living cell is _____________.
always positive
always negative
dependent on turgor pressure
dependent on temperature
always positive
Pressure potential is higher in ___________ air.
dry, warm
dry, cool
humid, warm
humid, cool
humid, cool
Water flows through the xylem of plants by bulk flow driven by forces associated with ____________.
translocation
the cohesion-tension theory
the pressure-flow hypothesis
facilitated diffusion
the cohesion-tension theory
The process of _____________ results in material traveling through the plant vascular tissue system in different directions depending on the time of year and growth patterns of the plant.
transpiration
transduction
translocation
transportation
translocation
Phloem sap travels through which type of cells?
Vessel elements
Tracheids
Parenchyma
Sieve-tube elements
Sieve-tube elements
The metabolism of sieve-tube elements are supported by ___________.
stomata
tracheids
companion cells
source cells
companion cells
Differences in _____________ near source & sink tissues generate the necessary force to drive sugar transport from sources to sinks.
turgor pressure
light exposure
metabolic rates
surface area-to-volume ratios
turgor pressure
An osmoconformer is an organism where the cells & tissues are ___________ relative to their surrounding environment.
hypoosmotic
isosmotic
hyperosmotic
basic
isosmotic
Marine bony fishes ___________ water to/from the environment and _____________ electrolytes to/from the environment.
gain; gain
gain; lose
lose; gain
lose; lose
lose; gain
Freshwater fish actively transport electrolytes _____________ their gills and _______________ to control water levels in the body.
out of; excrete limited amounts of concentrated urine
out of; excrete large amounts of dilute urine
into; excrete limited amounts of concentrated urine
into; excrete large amounts of dilute urine
into; excrete large amounts of dilute urine
The shark rectal gland involves the presence of a Na+/K+-ATPase and a Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporter in the ____________ membrane and a Chloride channel in the ____________ membrane
apical; apical
apical; basolateral
basolateral; apical
basolateral; basolateral
basolateral; apical
Cotransporters move coins against their concentration gradient by way of ________________.
primary active transport
secondary active transport
passive transport
aquaporins
secondary active transport
The Na+/K+-ATPase in the shark rectal gland pumps 3 Na+ ions __________________, while it pumps 2 K+ ions ___________________.
into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland
into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the epithelial cells of the rectal gland
into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland
into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland
into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland
into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland
into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland
into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland
into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland
into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland
When a sea bass is in sea water, Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters are found in the ___________ side of chloride cells, while they are found in the ___________ side when they are found in freshwater.
apical; apical
apical; basolateral
basolateral; apical
basolateral; basolateral
basolateral; apical
During regulation of water and electrolyte balance in aniamls, the formation of the initial filtrate is _____________, while the reabsorption process is ____________.
not particularly selective; not particularly selective
not particularly selective; highly selective
highly selective; not particularly selective
highly selective; highy selective
not particularly selective; highly selective
In what portion of the loop of Henle is water actively transported out of the nephron into the interstitial fluid?
Descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thich ascending limb
None of the above
None of the above
A dehydrated individual (will/will not) secrete antidiuretic hormone, resulting in aquaporins (being/not being) inserted into the collecting duct.
will; being
will; not being
will not; being
will not; not being
will; being
In a reflex response, what is the correct pathway of information between a pain sensor and the withdrawal of your body from the painful stimulus?
Sensory neuron -> Brain -> Motor neuron
Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron
Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Brain -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron
Sensory neuron -> Motor neuron
Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron
Membrane potentials are expressed in terms of _________________ with the _____________ value defined as 0 mV.
inside charge relative to outside charge; inside charge
inside charge relative to outside charge; outside charge
outside charge relative to inside charge; inside charge
outside charge relative to inside charge; outside charge
inside charge relative to outside charge; outside charge
The interior of the membrane of a neuron at rest tends to have high concentrations of ____________, while the exterior of the membrane at rest tends to have high concentrations of _____________.
sodium ions; potassium ions
chloride ions; organic anions
sodium ions; chloride ions
potassium ions; sodium ions
potassium ions; sodium ions
Na+/K+-ATPases in the membrane of neurons actively pump _________ ions out of the cell for every ____________ ions into the cell.
three sodium; two potassium
two potassium; three sodium
two sodium; three potassium
three potassium; two sodium
three sodium; two potassium
The second phase of an action potential is the ____________ phase.
depolarization
hyperpolarization
refractory
repolarization
repolarization
Action potentials are _________________.
graded responses
slow changes to membrane potential
all-or-none events
permanent changes in membrane potential
all-or-none events
During the depolarization phase of an action potential voltage-gated _________ channels open allowing those ions to rush __________ the neuron.
sodium; into
sodium out of
potassium; into
potassium; out of
sodium; into
An action potential does not turn around and travel back in the opposite direction because of the _________________ and ____________________ at adjacent regions of the membrane that just experienced the action potential
refractory state; repolarization phase
negative feedback; hyperpolarization phase
negative feedback; repolarization phase
refractory state; hyperpolarization phase
refractory state; hyperpolarization phase
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the immune system targeting ____________, which results in a(n) ___________ to the speed of action potential propagation in the CNS.
schwann cells; decrease
schwann cells; increase
oligodendrocytes; decrease
oligodendrocytes; increase
oligodendrocytes; decrease
Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane is the result of _____________.
an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
an action potential
summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
Oikos means:
Ecology
Home
Evolution
Conservation
Home
What is the number one cause of species declines?
Habitat Loss
Disease
Contaminants
Invasive Species
Habitat Loss
What would happen if the Earth’s axis was NOT tilted?
The Earth would be hotter
There would be no seasons
There would be no predominant wind patterns
There would be no deserts
There would be no seasons
What does SLOSS stand for?
Suitable Land Over Saved Species
Single Loss Or Several Saves
Single Large Or Several Small
Sustainable Land Operations Saving Specie
Single Large Or Several Small
What is the following biome?
Tropical Rainforest
Savannah
Desert
Taiga
Desert
What is DDT?
An insecticide
A radioactive chemical
A conservation agency
An herbicide
An insecticide
With increasing biodiversity there is increased ecosystem _________.
Resistance
Resilience
Resistance and Resilience
Instability
Resistance and Resilience
Which of the following is NOT a reason to protect amphibians?
They taste great with butter
They play a key role in ecosystems
Many contain toxins in their skin
They become hermaphrodites at low exposures to Atrazine
They taste great with butter
Which of the following animals is extinct from the state which bears its resemblance on the state flag?
Grizzly Bear
Polar Bear
Brown Bear
Black Bea
Grizzly Bear
What is an endemic species?
A species that lives in a desert
A species that is threatened with extinction
A species that lives in a particular region
A species that is warm blooded
A species that lives in a particular region
Which of the following is not a marine zone?
Photic
Aphotic
Littoral
Neritic
Littoral
Which of the following is lotic?
Lake Michigan
Missouri River
Pacific Ocean
Dead Sea
Missouri River
Whales are an example of:
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Nekton
Limnetic
Nekton
Which of the following is Hamilton’s Rule?
dN/dt = rN
Br > C
B
dN/dt = Br
B
Community resilience refers to:
How many species are in the community
The extent to which a community remains unchanged during a disturbance
How quickly a community recovers following a disturbance
The ability of a community to maintain productivity over time.
How quickly a community recovers following a disturbance
Which of the following is an ultimate explanation for behavior?
Being a larger male allows for the protection of young
Male bulls strike at anything red in color
Long tailfins in male swordfish are more attractive mates
A goose will instinctually pull an egg back to her nest
Being a larger male allows for the protection of young
What would you predict might happen if you raised a song sparrow in the presence of only a white crowned sparrow adult?
It would sing like a white crowned sparrow
It would sing like a song sparrow
It would not sing
It would sing abnormally
It would sing abnormally
Male peacocks have large tails with several colors due to:
Intersexual selection
Natural selection
Intrasexual selection
Artificial selection
Intersexual selection
You find in a remote jungle a species of bird where there are two types of males: larger, brightly colored ones and smaller ones that look like females. These smaller males are probably:
Territorial males
Mutant males
Another species of bird
Sneaky fuckers
Sneaky fuckers
Optimal foraging theory predicts that:
Individuals always attack the largest prey items
Individuals have fixed behavior
Individuals dance elaborately to impress females
Individuals balance costs and benefits when selecting a nest site.
Individuals balance costs and benefits when selecting a nest site.
Which of the following Archaea are parasitic?
Crenarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
Korarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
A test comes up Gram positive. This means:
It has a thick peptidoglycan layer
It has a thin peptidoglycan layer
It has no peptidoglycan layer
It is an Archaea
It has a thick peptidoglycan layer
Which group of bacteria are closely related to mitochondria?
α Protobacteria
Spirochaetes
Actinobacteria
Cyanobacteria
α Protobacteria
In Plasmodium, what genetic makeup is a gametocyte?
4N
2N
1N
0N
1N
Which group possesses hydrogenosomes?
Plantae
Excavata
Ciliaphora
Rhizaria
Excavata
Which of the following protists have a feeding groove?
Plantae
Opisthokonta
Excavata
Ciliaphora
Excavata
What is the trait that Archea and Eukarya share?
No membrane bound organelles
Contain mitochondria
An RNA sequence
No peptidoglycan in cell walls
An RNA sequence
Which two groups are most closely related?
Eukarya and Archaea
Bacteria and Archaea
Eukarya and Bacteria
None are related
Eukarya and Archaea
All protists are:
mixotrophic
unicellular
monophyletic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because ________.
bacteria decompose protists
protists are photosynthetic
protists have a membrane -bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
protists eat bacteria
protists have a membrane -bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
Amphibians are most closely related to which protist?
Opisthokonta
Diatoms
Proteobacteria
Foraminiferans
Opisthokonta
Which of the following groups has a species that causes malaria?
Apicomplexa
Excavata
Stamenopila
Kinetoplastid
Apicomplexa
What is responsible for the deliciousness of PBR beer?
Mycelia
Yeast cells
Fungal symbiosis with algae
Magic
Yeast cells
Which group of plants are non-vascular?
Pteridophytes
Lycophytes
Mosses
Cycads
Mosses
Which of the following structures produces wood in trees?
Periderm
Phloem
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Vascular cambium
Which group is in plant roots (but not plant cells)?
AMF
EMF
Lichens
Periphyton
EMF
Which of the following groups have a feeding groove?
Plantae
Ciliaphora
Excavata
Rhizaria
Excavata
Where are cones located on a pine tree?
Female cones on top, Male cones on bottom
Male cones on top, Female cones on bottom
Cones are evenly distributed throughout tree
There are no male and female cones
Female cones on top, Male cones on bottom
Which of the following groups removed most of the CO2 from the atmosphere millions of years ago?
Bryophytes
Lycophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Lycophytes
Which of the following groups is Plasmodium part of?
Opisthokonta
Rhizaria
Alveolata
Stramenopila
Alveolata
Which of the following is the middle germ layer?
Ectoderm
Metaderm
Mesoderm
Meroderm
Mesoderm
Which stage of development best resembles a playground ball?
Gastrula
Blastula
Lastula
Zygote
Blastula
What opportunistic fungi often causes death in those with AIDS?
Pneomocystis carinii
Dermophytes
Chytrid
Basidiocarps
Pneomocystis carinii
How are fungi similar to animals?
Autotrophic
All have flagella
Store surplus food in glycogen
Are phagotrophic
Store surplus food in glycogen
Which of the following groups contain ‘sac fungi’?
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Glomeromycota
Chytridiomycota
Ascomycota
Which group is Ephedra californica from?
Coniferophyta
Gnetophyta
Monocots
Eudicots
Gnetophyta
Which is most descriptive of AMF?
A type of lichen
Fungi that live in plant roots but outside the cells
Fungi that live in plant roots including inside the cells
An deep water rotifer
Fungi that live in plant roots including inside the cells
Which of the following is part fungus part plant?
Lichens
Paramecium
Plasmodium
Dr. Kerby
Lichens
Which of the following demonstrate radial symmetry?
Sponges
Sea anenomes
Flatworms
Rotifers
Sea anenomes
Which of the following is a paraphyletic group?
Eukarya
Animalia
Prokaryotes
Gymnosperms
Prokaryotes
