Protists Terms Flashcards
Protist ecological importance
nutritional foundation for all life; bottom of the foot chain
Protists medicine illness
important illnesses; due to parasitic infections
common characteristics of protists
-most abundant in moist habitats
-most of them are microscopic in size
protists are ______________
paraphyletic
heterotrophs that ingest particles
phagotrophy
heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules
osmotrophs
photosynthetic
autotrophs
able to use autotrophy and phagotrophy or osmotrophy depending on conditions
mixotrophs
classified by motility
-flagellates
-ciliates
-amoebae
used to propel through a wet environment
flagella
shorter and more abundant than flagella; hairlike projections
cilia
classified by ecological role
-algae
-protozoa
-fungus-like
photosynthetic plankton
phytoplankton
heterotrophic plankton
zooplankton
swimming or floating; occur primarily as single cells, colonies, or short filaments
plankton
attached by mucilage to underwater surfaces; produce multicellular bodies; seaweeds
periphyton
What pathogen causes Malaria?
plasmodium
makes a copy
asexual reproduction
variety; increases diversity
sexual reproduction
many protists produce __________ with thick, protective walls that remain dormant in bad conditions
cysts
Gametic life cycle
-all cells except the gametes are diploid
-gametes produced by meiosis
-asexual reproduction reduces the size of duaghter cells
-sexual reproduction restores maximal size
zygotic life cycle
-most unicellular sexually reproducing protists
-haploid cells transform into gametes
-+ & - mating strains
-thick-walled diploid zygotes (survive like cysts)
Sporic life cycle
-also known as alternation of generations
-2 types of multicellular organisms
-haploid gametophyte produces gametes
-diploid sporophyte produces spores by meiosis
-many multicellular green and brown seaweeds
-related to some of Earth’s earliest eukaryotes
-named for a feeding groove “excavated” into the cells of many representatives
-food particles are taken into cells by phagotrophy
-endocytosis and evolutionary basis for endosymbiosis
Excavata
-obtained plastids by primary endosymbiosis
-red algae, green algae, glaucophyta, also land plants (not protists)
-based on assumption that all primary plastids originated with a single endosymbiotic event
Plantae
-ciliophora
-dinozoa
-apicomplexa
-named for saclike membranous vesicle
Alveolata
-wide range of algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protists
-usually produce flagellated cells at some point
-named for distinctive straw like hairs on the surface of flagella
Stramenopila
-Have thin, hairlike extensions of the cytoplasm falled filose pseudopodia
-Radiolaria and Foraminifera
Rhizaria
-many types of amoebae
-move using pseudopodia
-Entamoeba histolytica
-slime molds
Amoebozoa
-named for single posterior flagellum on swimming cells
-animal and fungal kingdoms
-choanoflagellate protists
opisthokonta
-feature distinctive collar surrounding flagella
-modern protists most related to the common ancestor of animals
choanoflagellate protists
