Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geol 101 Lecture > Quiz over Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Quiz over Chapter 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Deformation

A

refers to all changes in the shape or position of a rock body in response to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rock or geologic Structures

A

features that result from forces generated by the interactions of tectonic plates
(includes folds, faults, and joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stress

A

the force that deforms rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Magnitude

A

a function of the amount of force applied to a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When stresses on a rock exceed its strength….

A

the rock deforms by flowing, folding, fracturing, or faulting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Confining pressure

A

stress applied to uniformity in all directions

squeezes rocks, making them stronger and harder to break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

differential stress

A

Stress applied unequally in different directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Stress

A

Compressional
Tensional
Shear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compressional Stress

A

squeezes a rock and shortens a rock body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tensional stress

A

pulls apart a rock unit and lengthens it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Shear stress

A

Produces a motion similar to slippage that occurs between individual playing cards when the top of the stack is moved relative to the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Strain

A

change in shape of a rock caused by differential stress

strained bodies lose their original configuration during deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elastic deformation

A

rock returns to nearly its original size and shape when the stress is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ductile deformation

A

bends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

brittle deformation

A

breaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Temperature

A

Higher temp deform by ductile deformation {deep}

Cooler rocks form by brittle deformation {on surface or high up in crust}

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Factors that affect rock strength

A

Rock type
Time
Temperature
Pressure

18
Q

Rock type

A

Crystalline igneous rocks generally experience brittle deformation, whereas sedimentary and metamorphic rocks experience ductile deformation

19
Q

Time

A

forces applied over a long period of time generally result in ductile deformation

20
Q

Joints

A

cracks in the rocks resulting from the rock being stretched and pulled apart
created columns

21
Q

Faults

A

fractures in the rocks where rocks on one side of the fault are displaced relative to the rocks on the other side of the fault

22
Q

Folds are evidence

A

that rocks can bend without breaking

result of deformation in high temp high pressure environments

23
Q

Most folds are

A

result from compressional stresses that result in a shortening and thickening of the crust

24
Q

Anticlines

A

upfolded or arched sedimentary layers

Oldest strata in the center

25
Q

Synclines

A

downfolded or troughs of rock

youngest strata are in the center

26
Q

symmetrical

A

the limbs of the fold are mirror images of each other

27
Q

asymmetrical

A

the limbs of the fold are not identical

  • Overturned : one or both limbs are titled beyond vertical
  • Plunging- the axis of the fold penetrates the ground
28
Q

Domes

A

upwarped circular features

29
Q

Basins

A

Downwarped circular features

looks like a bowl

30
Q

Monoclines

A

large, steplike folds in the otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata
Fold with one limb

31
Q

Strike and Dip

A

sedimentary rocks that are inclined or bent indicate that the layers were deformed folowing deposition

32
Q

Strike

A

Compass DIRECTION of the line produced by the intersection of an inclined rick layer or fault in a horizontal plate

33
Q

Dip

A

ANGLE OF INCLINATION of the surface of a rock unit or fault measured from a horizontal plane

34
Q

Faults

A

Fractures in rocks where displacement happened

35
Q

slickenslide

A

polished smooth surfaces that happen from movement along a fault

36
Q

Dip-Slip Fault

A

when movement is parallel to inclination
Moves up and down along dip
produces fault scarps

37
Q

Normal Dip-Slip faults

A

hanging wall moving DOWN relative to the footwall {Tension}

Reverse fault moves up the footwall {Pressure}

38
Q

horst

A

Uplifted blocks

39
Q

grabens

A

Down-dropped blocks

40
Q

Strike slip faults

A

moves horizontal and parallel to the strike - side by side

41
Q

Oblique-slip faults

A

both a strike-slip and dip-slip movement

Geol 101 Lecture (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions