chapter 13

Question 1

Challenger Deep

Answer 1

deepest spot in the ocean floor

Question 2

bathymetry

Answer 2

topography of the ocean floor

Question 3

sonar

Answer 3

using sound energy to measure depth of sea floor

Question 4

echo sounders

Answer 4

bounce a sound off an object to determine distance

Question 5

3 major areas of the ocean floor

Answer 5

continental margins
deep ocean basins
oceanic ridges

Question 6

Continental margins

Answer 6

outer margins of the continents and the transition to oceanic crust

Question 7

Deep ocean basins

Answer 7

between the continental margins and the oceanic ridges

Question 8

Ocean ridges

Answer 8

a broad, linear swell at a divergent plate boundary

Question 9

Passive Continental Margins

Answer 9

Found along coastal areas that surround the Atlantic Ocean
Not associated with plate boundaries
Experience little volcanism and few earthquakes

Question 10

Continental shelf

Answer 10

gently sloping, flooded portion of continent

Passive continental margin

Question 11

Continental slope

Answer 11

steep structure that marks the boundary between the continental and oceanic crust
Passive continental margins

Question 12

Continental rise

Answer 12

thick accumulation of sediment from the continental slope
carried by turnidity currents down sub-marine canyons
Passive continental margins

Question 13

Active Continental Margins

Answer 13

where the oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the continent
associated with the deep-ocean trenches
Located primarily around the Pacific Ocean

Question 14

Deep-Ocean Trench

Answer 14

Long narrow creases that represent the deepest part of the seafloor
Associated with volcanic activity
Mostly found in the Pacific Ocean

Question 15

Abyssal Plains

Answer 15

Flat features of the ocean floor
most level places on earth
thick accumulations of sediment
most found in atlantic ocean

Question 16

seamounts

Answer 16

submarine volcanoes

some can grow into volcanic islands

Question 17

Guyots

Answer 17

submerged, flat-topped seamounts

Question 18

oceanic plateaus

Answer 18

vast outpourings of basaltic lavas on the ocean floor

Question 19

Ocean ridge

Answer 19

longest topographic feature on Earth 
Occupy elevated positions
offset by transform faults
extensive faulting and earthquakes
a rift valley exists on the axis of most ridges

Question 20

seafloor spreading

Answer 20

melt escapes to sea floor and erupts as lava

Question 21

Layers of the ocean floor

Answer 21

1. Deep-sea sediment
2. Basaltic pillow lavas
3. Sheeted dike complex
4. Gabbro
5. Mantle

Question 22

black smokers

Answer 22

particle filled clouds that percipitate from various metals from the rock

Question 23

continental rift

Answer 23

elongated depression where the lithosphere is stretched and thinned