quiz over chap 17 Flashcards
what does bile NOT do
digest; it breaks up big clumps into little clumps
what do nucleases do
break up RNA and DNA
what does pancrease lipase do
digests lipids
more than stomach lipase
pancreatic amylase
splits molecules of starch into disaccharides
what are the three enzymes that split amino acid bonds
trypsin
chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidase
what is trypsin made of
trypsinogen and enterokinase
plasma proteins main function
blood clotting
what are bile salts main function
emulsification
kupffer cells
- phagocytic
- forms the lining of the sinusoids in the liver
what does the liver do to glycogen
converts it to glucose under the influence of glucagon
what simulates the secretion of gastric juices
gastrin
what secretes hydrochloric acid
parietal cells
specific things that gastrin stimulates secretion of
parietal cells to secrete HCL and chief cells to secrete pepsinogen
what subdues the secretion of gastric acid
serotonin
what causes gastrin to be secreted
parasympathetic vagus nerve impulses
what is the stage of secretion that happens before eating called
cephalic
stage of secretion that happens during eating
gastric
enterogastric reflex does what
inhibits peristalsis in the stomach
cholecystokinin (CCK)
- secreted in the presence of lipid molecules
- interferes with the vagus nerve to stop chief and parietal cells
- causes pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes
- causes gallbladder to secrete bile
enterokinase source and action
- intestinal mucosal cells
- converts trypsinogen to trypsin
what type of enzyme is enterokinase
brush border (transmembrane) enzyme
what activates trypsinogen to become trypsin
enterokinase
what activates procarboxypeptidase to become carboxypeptidase
trypsin
what activates chymotrypsinogen to become chemotrypsin
trypsin
functions of the liver (big list)
- forms sugars
- makes glycogen
- converts glycogen to glucose
- stores fat soluble vitamins
- stores up to 6 months of vit. A
- stores up to 3 months of vit. E
- makes hydrovitamin D
- metabolizes fats
- recycles blood cells
chief cells secrete …
pepsinogen
parietal cells secrete…
hydrochloric acid
pepsin is turned to pepsinogen by…
HCL
intrinsic factor does what to B12
assists it to go through the gastric mucosa
serotonins use in the intestines
muscle contraction and inhibits secretion of gastric juices
what is secreted by mucosa in duodenum when chyme enters duodenum
enterokinase
what does cholecystokinin do
- causes stomach movement to stop by blocking vagus nerve receptors
- stimulates pancrease to secrete digestive enzyme/ bile
pH in stomach
1.8-2.0
pH in duodenum
7-8
vomiting reflex comes from?
medulla
ileocecal valve
sphincter muscle that controls the flow of digested food from small to large intestine
what does intestinal mucosa secrete
CCK and secretin
parts of the small intestine
- Duodenum 25cm
- Jejunum 2.5m
- Ileum 3.5m
- ileocecal valve
- supporting tissue (mesentery)
sucrose is made of…
fructose and glucose
maltose is made of…
glucose and glucose
lactose is made of…
galactose and glucose
what are VLDLs and what do they do
- very low density lipoproteins
- made in the liver and deliver fats to tissues
main function of colon
water reabsorption
parts of the colon
- ileocecal valve
- Cecum
- Vermiform appendix
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- anal canal
- anus
- Sphincter muscles
orexia
appetite
