chapter 19 from review in class

Question 1

what covers trachea when swallowing

Answer 1

epiglottis

Question 2

true vocal cords

Answer 2

lower

Question 3

pleura

Answer 3

tissue around lungs that doubles back

Question 4

fluid between pleura

Answer 4

serous fluid

Question 5

if pleural cavity fills with fluid

Answer 5

increased pressure, harder to breathe

Question 5

visceral layer

Answer 5

closest to the lung

Question 6

part of brain that controls breathing rate

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

part of brain that limits inhalation

Answer 7

pons apneustic center

Question 8

breathing and HR controlled by what part of the brain

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

what controls when you stop inhaling and when its time to exhale

Answer 9

stretch receptors

Question 10

when stretch receptors say to stop what happens

Answer 10

diaphragm relaxes and elastic recoil

Question 11

how do gasses get across the alveolar membrane

Answer 11

diffusion

Question 12

what do alveoli secrete to help with surface tension to prevent collapse

Answer 12

surfactant

Question 13

instrument used in lab to measure tidal volume

Answer 13

spirometer

Question 14

tidal volume average

Answer 14

500

Question 15

disorder when you stop breathing during sleep at night

Answer 15

sleep apnea

Question 16

1 kilocalorie does what as a unit of energy

Answer 16

increases a kilogram of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 17

what happens when you smoke and get emphysema

Answer 17

• alveolar walls are destroyed = decreased surface area for gas exchange
• dyspnea

Question 17

ileocecal valve

Answer 17

the valve between the ilium and cecum (small and large intestine)

Question 18

gastrointestinal reflex

Answer 18

GI reflex that is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach and by gastric peristalsis

Question 18

what % of the air is oxygen

Answer 18

21%

Question 19

what percent of air is nitrogen

Answer 19

78%

Question 20

regular atmospheric pressure

Answer 20

760mmHg

Question 21

% of CO2 carried as bicarbonate in blood

Answer 21

70%