Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a&p > chapter 18 nutrition > Flashcards

chapter 18 nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

4 metabolic pathways

A

anabolic, synthetic, catabolic, decomposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

plant carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides: glucose, fructose
disaccharides: sucrose (glucose+fructose)
polysaccharide: amylose (starch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

animal carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides: galactose, glucose
disaccharides: lactose (galactose+glucose)
polysaccharide: glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

in the muscles and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is oxidized as a source of energy in cellular respiration

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carbohydrates are stored as what in the liver and muscles

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is used as digestive bulk (fiber)

A

cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

% of daily caloric intake for carbohydrates

A

45-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carbohydrates are essential for what processes

A
  1. nucleic acid synthesis
  2. to avoid fat and protein breakdown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are triglycerides found

A

meat, eggs, whole milk, lard, tallow, plant oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are phospholipids found

A

lecithin, soybeans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sources of cholesterol

A

egg yolk, milk, cheese, meats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do lipids do in the metabolism

A
  1. control circulation of fats by lipoproteins
  2. synthesizes cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can lipids not do in the metabolism

A

synthesize linoleic acid (essential fatty acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do adipose tissues do

A
  1. store triglycerides
  2. release fatty acids and glycerol into the blood when metabolized
  3. insulate body from heat loss
  4. may cause HTN from deposits in blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

daily caloric intake of lipids

A

less than 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of linoleic acid

A
  1. corn oil
  2. cottonseed oil
  3. soy oil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sources of protein

A

obvious ones plus grains, and legumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the 8 essential amino acids

A

iso
leu
met
phe
thr
try
lys
val

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the two extra essential amino acids for kids

A

arg
his

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

complete proteins

A

easy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

incomplete proteins

A

also easy

23
Q

cell structural proteins

A

actin
myosin
collagen
keratin

24
Q

proteins are used for…

A
  1. enzymes
  2. hemoglobin
  3. protein hormones
25
Q

protein % of daily calories

A

10%

26
Q

recommended daily intake of protein in grams

A

0.8g/kg/day for adults
additional 20g/day for nursing moms

27
Q

kwashiorkor

A

leads to edema and enlarged liver

28
Q

1 calorie

A

the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

29
Q

1 calorie =? joules

A

4.18 joules

30
Q

BMR

A

basal metabolic rate
- amount of energy used when awake and at rest

31
Q

avg. BMR = ? calories per hour per kg of body weight

A

1

32
Q

energy balance

A

when caloric intake of food is equal to the caloric output

33
Q

how many extra calories makes you gain 1 pound

A

3,500

34
Q

B1

A
  • thiamine
  • def. causes beriberi
35
Q

B2

A
  • riboflavin
  • component of FAD in cellular respiration
36
Q

B3

A
  • niacin
  • AKA nicotinic acid
  • def. causes pellagra
37
Q

B5

A
  • pantothenic acid
  • part of coenzyme A
  • essential for beginning of citric acid cycle
38
Q

B6

A
  • pyridoxine
  • can act as coenzymes
39
Q

B7

A
  • biotin
  • used to make nitro bases A and G
40
Q

B9

A
  • folic acid
  • AKA folacin
  • used to synthesize DNA
  • def. causes neuro tube defects and megablast anemia
41
Q

the B vitamin important during pregnancy

A

B9 folic acid

42
Q

B12

A
  • cyanocobalamin
  • requires cobalt
  • def. causes pernicious anemia
43
Q

vitamin C is also called

A

ascorbic acid

44
Q

vitamin C important for

A

collagen production

45
Q

vitamin C def.

A

scurvy

46
Q

major minerals make up what % of body weight

A

4%

47
Q

mineral used in muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission

A

calcium

48
Q

daily intake of calcium

A

1,000-1,200 mg

49
Q

mineral found in meats, cheese, and nuts

A

phosphorus

50
Q

phosphorus is used in …

A

DNA, ATP, and phospholipids

51
Q

daily intake of phosphorus

A

700mh

52
Q

other major minerals

A

k, S, Na, Cl, Mg

53
Q

trace elements

A

iron- hemoglobin and myoglobin
iodine- used to make thyroid hormone
cobalt- part of B12

54
Q

two things that increase iron intake

A

eating liver and cooking on cast iron

a&p (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions