Quiz Four Material

Question 1

What are the three main causes of chronic renal disease?

Answer 1

1. Diabetes, 2. Hypertension and 3. Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Question 2

What is the name of the disease that is a common cause of chronic renal failure, can be due to hypertension, diabetes, or both, is mainly a vascular problem involving particularly small blood vessels and is manifest by hyaline thickening of arterioles and small pitting in the kidneys?

Answer 2

Arterionephrosclerosis

Question 3

What renal disease causes nodular PAS mesangial expansion, can have its thick basement membranes visualized by EM and leads to renal failure as serum creatinine rises?

Answer 3

Diabetic Nodular Glomerulosclerosis

Question 4

What are the four hallmarks of Diabetic Nodular Glomerulosclerosis?

Answer 4

1. Diabetic retinopathy, 2. Proteinuria, 3. Nephrotic syndrome and 4. Progressive renal failure

Question 5

What is the name of the most common renal disease seen in children?

Answer 5

Minimal Change disease

Question 6

What kidney disease is the most common in young adults and teens?

Answer 6

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Question 7

What renal disease is the most common in the elderly?

Answer 7

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 8

In a nutshell, what is the key thing going wrong in Nephrotic Syndrome?

Answer 8

You can’t make plasma protein as quick as you excrete it

Question 9

What disease is a less common cause of nephrotic syndrome, can be seen in myeloma patients, and stains from Congo red dye?

Answer 9

Amyloidosis

Question 10

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Lupus, Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis/ANCA-associated, and Anti-GBM disease/Goodpastures (rarely) are all causes of what serious renal condition?

Answer 10

Nephritic Syndrome

Question 11

What is a hallmark of rapidly progressing Glomerulo Nepritis?

Answer 11

Crescentic Rings in Nephrons

Question 12

What is the medical term for a collapse of the lung?

Answer 12

Atelectasis

Question 13

What causes Atelectasis (3)?

Answer 13

1. Airway obstruction, 2. Compression and 3. Contraction due to lung/pleural fibrosis

Question 14

What happens should an acute lung injury worsen?

Answer 14

It goes into a phase called Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 15

What is the major cause of all the trouble in an ARDS case?

Answer 15

Neutrophil recruitment into the lungs

Question 16

What four things cause COPD?

Answer 16

1. Emhysema, 2. Chronic bronchitis, 3. Asthma and 4. Bronchiectasis

Question 17

What is the main cause of COPD?

Answer 17

Cigarette Smoking

Question 18

What is the protein that is inhibited in smoking that leads to emphysema?

Answer 18

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

Question 19

What is the disease caused by the chronic release of mucus by airways?

Answer 19

Bronchitis

Question 20

Which pulmonary disease causes collapse and destruction of bronchi and causes radiographs that have a “splattered paint” appearance?

Answer 20

Bronchiectasis

Question 21

What are the two types of asthma?

Answer 21

1. Atopic (immune-based) and 2. Non-atopic (nonimmune based)

Question 22

What key term refers to the lungs enlarging to compensate for difficulties?

Answer 22

Obstructive

Question 23

What key term refers to the lungs shrinking from difficulties?

Answer 23

Restrictive

Question 24

“Ground-glass” appearance in the lungs most likely deals with which general type of lung disease?

Answer 24

Restrictive

Question 25

What term refers to lung disease acquired from occupation?

Answer 25

Pneumoconioses

Question 26

What restrictive pulmonary disease causes non-caseating granulomas in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes?

Answer 26

Sarcoidosis

Question 27

What are three iatrogenic causes of Pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 27

1. Chemotherapeutic agents, 2. Radiation and 3. IV drugs

Question 28

What causes Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

Answer 28

We don’t know - it seems to happen more often in younger, female patients

Question 29

What are the causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension (3)?

Answer 29

1. Heart Disease, 2. Chronic Lung disease and 3. Recurrent thromboemboli

Question 30

What are the two Diffuse Alveolar Syndromes we need to know?

Answer 30

1. Goodpastures Syndrome (antibodies against Collagen IV) and 2. Wegener Granulomatosis (Necrotizing granulomas and vasculitis)

Question 31

What is the major fungal pulmonary infection that we see in Utah?

Answer 31

C. immitis

Question 32

What virus is associated with Owl’s eye cells?

Answer 32

CMV

Question 33

What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world?

Answer 33

Carcinoma of the lung

Question 34

What are the three classifications of lung carcinomas?

Answer 34

1. Non-small, 2. Large and 3. Small cell

Question 35

Adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas fall into what classification?

Answer 35

Non-small cell carcinomas

Question 36

Neuroendocrine carcinomas fall into what classification?

Answer 36

Large cell carcinomas and small cell

Question 37

What does the following describe: Often unilateral and not hereditary. Kidney is distorted with multiple cysts, cartilage, and fibromuscular tissue. Associated with urinary tract obstruction, especially ureteral atresia.
Delay in the developing ureter joining the kidney or early hydronephrosis causes abnormal renal differentiation?

Answer 37

Renal dysplasia

Question 38

What causes the following: Intracranial aneurysms, fatal in ~10%, Cysts: liver, pancreas, seminal vesicle, Very large, distorted kidneys with round cysts lined by cuboidal epithelium

Answer 38

Adult-type polycystic kidneys

Question 39

What are the following symptoms a possible indication of: Anuria, polyuria, bladder distention, or asymptomatic?

Answer 39

Urinary obstruction

Question 40

What is the name of tubular dilation and interstitial edema found in persons with renal problems?

Answer 40

Hydronephrosis