Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 475 > Quiz Answers Final Exam > Flashcards

Quiz Answers Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The drugs used in agonist substitution protocols tend to be chosen because they
A) have longer half-lives
B) are more potent
C) work on different NT systems
D) are less efficacious

A

A) have longer half-lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The “Rat Park” experiments, by Bruce Alexander, demonstrated that addiction rates are powerfully determined by

A

social and environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The mesolithic pathways begins in the VTA and terminates in the

A

nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The reason antagonist administration strategies are often unsuccessful is due to

A

patient non-compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Relapse is most likely induced by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. stress
B. decreased sensitivity of DA receptors
C. reexperience with the drug
D. exposure to conditioned drug cues

A

B. decreased sensitivity of DA receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The biological definition of addiction states that addictive substances
A) decrease DA release in the frontal lobes
B) activate the VTA pathway
C) are pleasurable
D) increase 5-HT levels in the CNS

A

B) activate the VTA pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drug vaccines, such as NicVax, are probably most effective at

A

preventing addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The use of Chantix to help people stop using nicotine is an example of what kind of pharmaceutical approach?

A

partial agonist substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stress impacts addiction in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A) stress and addiction share similar neurobiological pathways
B) stress increases the efficacy of addictive drugs
C) stress increases the likelihood of substance abuse
D) stress increases the likelihood of craving and relapse

A

B) stress increases the efficacy of addictive drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Using naltrexone to treat alcohol abuse is an example of which pharmaceutical approach?

A

antagonist administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The mesolimbic pathway is made up of neurons that produce

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Administration of Methadone to heroin addicts is an example of

A

agonist substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Compared to morphine, heroin is:
A. more lipid soluble
B. more efficacious
C. less potent
D. less damaging to the liver

A

A. more lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Combining acetaminophen with alcohol is dangerous because it can result in

A

hepatotoxicity (liver failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the orders below describes the level of opiate potency, from lowest to highest?

A

opium, morphine, heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The cell bodies of nociceptors are found in the

A

dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fentanyl is at least __ times more potent than morphine.

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dull, diffuse pain signals are transmitted via ____ fibers.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

To which receptor does oxycodone bind the most?

A

mu opioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ibuprofen is an especially good choice for

A

nursing mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acetaminophen is not recommended for people who have

A

rheumatoid arthritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Suboxone is the combination of buprenorphine and

A

naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the primary indication for acetaminophen?

A

analgesia and antipyresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of the following nuclei is NOT a part of the descending pain modification system?

A

nucleus basalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The metabolism of codeine into morphine can be blocked by
SSRIs
26
Nicotine is an ACh (acetylcholine)
agonist
27
A serious side effect of varenicline is
seizures
28
Caffeine is a/an A) DA agonist B) adenosine agonist C) adenosine antagonist D) DA antagonist
C) adenosine antagonist
29
In terms of toxicity, nicotine has been compared to
cyanide
30
Nicotine might be a helpful therapeutic for the treatment of
Alzheimer's disease
31
The route of administration affects nicotine's
efficacy and potency
32
Which of the following compounds is NOT commonly found in e-cigarettes? A) flavorants B) propylene glycol C) BPA D) vegetable glycerin
C) BPA
33
What is the most widely abused substance in the world?
caffeine
34
Varenicline is a/an
nicotine partial agonist
35
Caffeine is used therapeutically to treat
respiratory problems
36
Nicotine is extremely toxic when
taken orally
37
Caffeine is used "off-label" to treat migraine headaches, probably because it can
constrict cerebral blood vessels
38
Varenicline should not be combined with alcohol because taking the two together
increases the effects of alcohol
39
Nicotine has a negative interaction with
oral contraceptives
40
A drug that has the same effect as adrenaline is known as a
sympathomimetic
41
Formication is defined as:
the feeling of insects crawling under the skin
42
Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of:
dopamine and norepinephrine
43
The peripheral side effects of psychostimulants resemble activation of the
sympathetic nervous system
44
An important target area in the brain for the therapuetic effects of methylphenidate is the
prefrontal cortex
45
Methamphetamine is made from amphetamine by substituting a _____ group.
CH3
46
Cocaine should be used with caution in patients who have
cardiovascular disease
47
The excretion rate of methamphetamine is dependent upon
urine pH
48
Compared to modafinil, methylphenidate is _____ effective for the treatment of ADHD, and _____ effective for the treatment of narcolepsy.
equally; more
49
Cocaine is used medically
as an anesthetic
50
The major pharmacodynamic mechanism of amphetamine is
increased release of neurotransmitters
51
Which of the following is NOT a serious side effect of methamphetamine use?
liver failure
52
The primary indication of sibutramine is the treatment of
obesity
53
Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine dependency include all of the following EXCEPT
altered pain threshold
54
Methamphetamine produces anorexigenic effects by
increasing CART production in the hypothalamus
55
The therapeutic use(s) of amphetamine is/are:
treatment of both narcolepsy and ADHD
56
Temazepam is listed as pregnancy category _
X
57
Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol because it converts _____ into _____.
acetaldehyde; acetate
58
Zolpidem is in the _______ drug class
non-benzodiazepine BZRA
59
The most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant is
respiratory depression
60
What class of sedative is temazepam?
benzodiazepine
61
Zolpidem is used as a sleep aid because it has a relatively ______ half-life and ____ metabolites.
short; inactive
62
A reason that women have higher blood ethanol levels than men, after accounting for size/body weight, is because women have: A) higher levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their liver B) lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system C) higher levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system D) lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their liver
B) lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system
63
Severe acute liver toxicity can occur when alcohol is combined with: A) acetaminophen B) benzodiazepine C) SSRIs D) amphetamine
A) acetaminophen
64
What percentage of automobile accidents that result in at least one fatality are thought to involve alcohol?
50%
65
Ethanol is readily soluble in
both fat and water
66
The pharmacodynamic mechanisms of naltrexone are to
block opiate receptors
67
The half-life of ethanol is determined by all of the following EXCEPT
amount consumed
68
Benzodiazepines have largely replaced treatment for insomnia for the following reasons EXCEPT:
they are less addictive
69
In California, marijuana was legalized for non-medical use in what year?
2016
70
Which of the following is NOT a primary indication of dronabinol? A. nausea/vomiting B. anxiety C. appetite stimulation D. anorexia
B. anxiety
71
Marinol is a: A. synthetic cannabinoid agonist B. synthetic cannabinoid antagonist C. non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist D. non-synthetic cannabinoid antagonist
A. synthetic cannabinoid agonist
72
The route of administration of Sativex is
oral mucosal spray
73
Nabiximols is a A. synthetic cannabinoid agonist B. non-synthetic cannabinoid antagonist C. non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist D. synthetic cannabinoid antagonist
C. non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist
74
Epidiolex is a ______ at CB receptors.
partial agonist
75
The major psychoactive ingredient in the marijuana plant is:
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
76
The most ubiquitous receptors in the brain appear to be those responsive to:
cannabinoids
77
The main ROA for dronabinol is
oral
78
A primary indication for cannabidiol is
seizure reduction
79
In the US, marijuana is currently listed under which DEA schedule?
Schedule I
80
Hashish and marijuana differ mainly in their
potency
81
Which of the following is NOT an off-label use for Epidiolex?
weight loss
82
In the U.S., ___ states have legalized marijuana for either medical or recreational use.
46
83
The neurotransmitter affected by the psychedelic scopolamine is
acetylcholine
84
What is the psychedelic class of mescaline?
enactogen (catecholaminelike)
85
The NMDA antagonist class of psychedelics was initially developed as
anesthetics
86
LSD has been studied as a treatment for all of the following EXCEPT: A. cancer B. anxiety C. PTSD D. depression
A. cancer
87
The psychedelic whose action does not directly involve serotonin, dopamine, or acetylcholine neurons is
PCP
88
Which of the following is NOT a seretoninlike psychedelic?
PCP
89
LSD is derived from
ergot
90
PCP is a/n: A. dopamine antagonist B. glutamate antagonist C. serotonin partial agonist D. GABA agonist
B. glutamate antagonist
91
A therapeutic use of scopolamine is in the treatment of
motion sickness
92
Myristicin is derived from
nutmeg
93
The use of psychedelics is not recommended for people who have a history of
schizophrenia
94
Mescaline is commonly derived from
peyote cactus
95
The catecholaminelike psychedelics have major effects on the following neurotransmitters:
serotonin and dopamine
96
The molecular structure of LSD is very similar to that of
serotonin

PSYC 475 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions