Analgesics & Opiates Flashcards
An analgesic that is an NSAID, a blood thinner, and a non-specific Cox inhibitor that has a short half-life.
aspirin
An analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory medication that belongs to the NSAID and non-specific Cox inhibitor classes.
-not recommended for patients with a history of ulcer or GI upset or for pregnant patients
-safe for nursing mothers (NOT found in breast milk)
-not effective for long-term pain management
ibuprofen
It belongs to the NSAID and non-specific Cox inhibitor classes and is primarily indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and menstrual pain.
naproxen
Which analgesic is the #1 cause of acute liver failure?
acetaminophen
Why should you avoid taking acetaminophen for a hangover?
You still have alcohol in your system, and a combination of alcohol and this drug can likely lead to acute liver failure as this drug is toxic to the liver (its metabolism produces a compound that is like poison).
Which analgesic is not found in breast milk and is, therefore, a good option for nursing mothers?
ibuprofen
Which analgesic is used in surgical settings and can reduce the amount of morphine needed for adequate pain control?
ketorolac (Toradol)
Sulindac is a better option to use in the longer term than _________ due to its decreased incidence of GI side effects.
indomethacin
Which analgesic comes in several different routes of administration?
diclofenac (Voltaren)
Which analgesic has less GI upset than aspirin and is recommended for long-term treatment?
nabumetone (Relafen)
Which analgesic has no cardioprotective effects and may actually increase the risk for cardiac effects, which limits its utility?
celecoxib (Celebrex)
The most common side effects of ________ are respiratory depression, pupillary constriction, constipation, itching, and with extended use, decreased sex drive and fertility problems.
morphine
Which analgesic is often mixed with acetaminophen for mild to moderate pain and cough suppression?
hydrocodone
Which analgesic is one of the most frequently abused prescription drugs in the U.S.?
hydrocodone
Which opiate has 3x the potency of morphine and gets to its target faster than morphine due to increased lipid solubility?
heroin
Antihistamines and MAOIs may inhibit the effects of _____________ as it will disrupt its metabolism. This opiate has 6-10 times the potency of morphine.
hydromorphone
Which opiate has greater euphoric effects than morphine but is 1/10th less potent than morphine?
meperidine
_________ is an opiate that has a longer half-life of 24-36 hours and thus only needs to be taken once a day.
methadone
____ is similar to methadone but has a longer half-life of 2.5 days and an increased risk of cardiac effects; thus, it is not used as frequently in clinical practice.
Levo-alpha acetylmaethadol (LAAM)
Which opiate has a lower risk of dependence than other opiates, and its effects do not depend on metabolism and is thus a good choice for poor metabolizers?
propoxyphene
Which opiate has 80-500x the potency of morphine, making it extremely dangerous due to respiratory effects?
fentanyl
Which opioid is used to treat opioid dependency because it suppresses craving and decreases euphoria without the risk of abuse?
buprenorphine
Which opioid is a mu agonist and blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine?
tapentadol
Which opioid has a low risk of dependence or respiratory depression?
pentazocine
Nalmefene is similar to ________ in that it reverses the respiratory depression caused by opiate overdose, but it lasts longer.
naloxone
Which opioid antagonist is used to treat opioid and alcohol dependence?
naltrexone
Which opioids treat constipation caused by opioid analgesics and do not cross the blood-brain barrier and thus only have peripheral effects?
methylnaltrexone and alvimopan
Which synthetic opioid is 50 times stronger than heroin?
fentanyl
What is a symptom of fentanyl overdose?
small or constricted pupil
Addiction and dependence on the opioid, _________, occurs due to the release of dopamine, which triggers the reward center of the brain and leads to euphoric and pleasurable feelings. It is an extremely abused and addictive drug.
oxycodone
Oxycodone stimulates opioid receptors, which trigger areas outside of pain sites, such as the locus coerulous, which depress the ___ by slowing down the respiration rate.
CNS
An SNRI (also analgesic) that has the most clinical indications out of all SNIs, including treatment of MDD, fibromyalgia, GAD, chronic musculoskeletal pain, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, efficaciously treating these disorders with little to no propensity for abuse.
duloxetine
A relatively safe opioid analgesic that is used for both short-term and long-term pain relief that is weaker than morphine and oxycodone.
tramadol
