quiz anat lab 3-17 Flashcards
respiratory volumes
various amounts of are that can be inhaled and exhaled during different breathing stages
what happens in obstructive lung diseases such as COPD
causes air to be trapped in lungs when it cannot be exhaled, stretches lung tissue and makes it elastic and stiffer. less air in lung tissue overall
tidal volume, TV
total Amt of air inhaled or exhaled on a normal breath
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
additional air that can be forcefully inhaled past a normal tidal volume inspiratione
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
additional air that can be forcefully exhaled past a normal tidal volume expiration
reserve or residua volume (RV)
volume of air remaining in lungs following maximal exhalation
vital capacity (VC)
total amt of air that can be expired after a maximum inhalation
inspiratory capacity (IC)
maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration
functional residual capacity (FRC)
total amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation
total lung capacity
total amount of air lungs can contain
spirometry
medical test used to measure the four lung volumes with the use of a simple and non invasive instrument called a spirometer.
spirometer
measures air breathed in and out, assists spirometry
a longer breath holding indicates what
better pulmonary function, functional reserve, larger lung capacity bc lungs are b better able to maintain body pH
the respiratory and cardiovascular systems function to
take O2 into body from air and deliver it to tissue cells
disposal of CO2
very important as too much makes acidic blood pH
respiratory acidosis
acidic ass blood pH due to too much CO2
dry gas meter
person breathes into mouthpiece and Douglas bag connected to dry gas meter and volume is measured and stored here
minute volume
calculated by multiplying total volume of air exhaled in mL by number of breaths taken over collection period in minutes
metabolic rate
ml O2 consumed per minute
how to calculate metabolic rate
difference between percentage of oxygen in inhaled air (20.95%) and percent oxygen in exhaled air stored in bag, then multiply by minute volume
during physical activity, metabolic rate is
higher in skeletal muscle tissue, meaning more oxygen uptake Is needed and delivery to cells too.
rate of oxygen consumption is = to
rate you obtain oxygen from environment across surface of lungs (ventilation) and rate at which oxygen is deliveed to body tissue cells through capillary walls (perfusion) of cardio vascular system
ventilation
rate you obtain oxygen from environment across surface of lungs
perfusion
rate at which oxygen is deliveed to body tissue cells through capillary walls
ventilation perfusion coupling
balance of ventilation and perfusion
how is ventilation increases
repsiraoty rate and respiratory depth (tidal volume)
how is perfusion increased
HR increase
minute volume, in rest system
flow of air in and out of lungs
cardiac output, in cardiovascular system
flow of blood
as we inhale, our lungs extract O2 from air, leading to difference in
concentration of oxygen in inhaled air and the conc in exhaled air
oxygen is lost from blood supply through capillary beds in systemic circulation, leading to dif in
conc of oxygen in arterial blood and conc of oxygen in venous blood
resting people have arterial/venous blood as
arterial 100% saturated with oxygen, but venous blood is only 60%
each gram Hb can bind
1.34 mL O2
during exercise, oxygen content of venous blood
falls due to increased O2 demand of cells in body
where is the increase or decrease in rhythm and rate of respiration controlled
respiratory centers located in medulla and pons
which change in level within blood is more closely monitored
CO2
normal blood pH
7.35-7.45
carbonic acid
CO2 leaves tissue cells and enters the blood cells and combine with water
what does carbonic acid dissociate into
bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
respiratory alkalosis
conc of CO2 in blood increases, decrease in conc of hydrogen ions in blood so pH increases
quiet breathing
normal and effortless pattern of respiration that occurs during rest.
hyperventilating
individual takes many deep breaths in a short period of time
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)
(such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis) irreversibly decreases an individuals ability to force air out of lungs
asthma
result of inflammation in bronchioles reducing oxygen amount that can. reach alveoli. it is reversible
