Quiz 9 Flashcards
Which pieces of DNA will exchange DNA
Allelic
Allelic exchange between Homo Logus chromosomes occurring at the chiasma resulting recombinant chromosomes
Define crossing over
What would happen if sister chromatids underwent crossing over
Creates more diversity for the chromosomes
What affect does crossing over have on the diversity of the gametes
creates more diversity
What is the chiasma
Place were crossing over occurs
How do you synapses crossing over relate to each other
Synapsis forms a Tetrad and crossing over occurs in the tetrad so synapsis has to occur for crossing over it occur
How is do you tetrad related to crossing over
It happens in a tetrad
Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
Mitosis: a sexual reproduction, produces two genetically identical sister cells, diploid
meiosis: sexual reproduction, produces for genetically different haploid cells
Compare and contrast meiosis 2 and mitosis
Mitosis produces to sister sells meiosis produces for haploid cells
What is the puney square used for
Allows prediction or percentages of offspring with certain genotype/phenotypes for known Parental genotype/Phenotypes
Define homozygous
Possesses two copies of the same allele of a gene
Define heterozygous
Possesses two different alleles of the same gene
Define dominant
The letter, the one that will show through the phenotype
define recessive
Lower case letter. one that won’t show through unless if it’s Homo recessive
Define complete dominance
Dominant allele controls the phenotypic appearance
Incomplete dominance which genotype Results in the dominant phenotype
Homo dominant and hetero
Incomplete dominance which genotype results in the recessive phenotype
Homo recessive
Who is considered the father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
What is the genotype of true Breeding
Homozygous
Define incomplete dominance
Intermediate phenotype between dominant and recessive phenotype
Compare and contrast complete dominance and incomplete dominance
Complete the dominant allele controls all the time and always and in complete
How many phenotypes are observed in complete dominance
2
Which genotype gives the dominant phenotype incomplete dominance
Homo dominant and hetero
Which genotype gives the dominant phenotype incomplete dominance
Homo recessive
How many phenotypes are observed in incomplete dominance
3: homo d, hetero and homo r
What is the phenotype of the heterozygous state an incomplete dominance relative to the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
It would be the same as homo d
How is the heterozygous state during complete dominance different than during incomplete dominance
During incomplete dominance it forms another trait such as red and white forms pink
Define code dominance
Two alleles each affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways
Compare and contrast complete dominance and code dominance
Code dominance both the alleles affect the phenotype while complete allele controls it
What makes code dominance different than both complete and incomplete dominance
Both alleles affect it in co
Define epistasis
The phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters the expression add a second locus
How is epistasis different than either complete or incomplete or code dominance
In epistasis the phenotypic expression alters the second one
What did Meseldon and stahl study
Worked with bacterial cells to study DNA replication, wanted to determine the mechanism used to synthesize new DNA. Demonstrate is semi conservative process using nitrogen and isotopes
What did m and S used to study DNA replication
Bacterial cells
What method for DNA replication was supported by m and S results
Semi conservative process
What does semi conservative replication mean? How is the old DNA related to the new DNA?
Semi conservative saves half of the old DNA strand and pairs it with a new strand. They base pair
What are the five steps in the DNA replication process
- formation of replication bubble at origin of replication
- synthesis of an RNA primer
- Synthesis of leading strand DNA
- Synthesis of lagging strand of DNA
- Removal of RNA primer a replacement with DNA
- Formation of Phosphodiester bonds between leading and lagging strains
What are the Seven enzymes/proteins involved in DNA replication?
Helicase, single-stranded DNA binding proteins, topoisomere Promise DNA polymerase 3 DNA polymerase 1 Ligase
What does the replication bubble represent
A growing fork where both New strands are synthesized
How does the size of the replication bubble change during the replication process
It gets larger
What is The primer composed of
RNA
Which enzyme makes a primer
Promise
Which enzyme makes the leading and lagging strands
DNA polymerase 3
Describe the leading strand
Long continuous strand
Describe the lagging strand
Mini short discontinuous pieces
What are the two functions of DNA polymerase 1
Checks the newly added nucleotide for proper base pairing with the template strand
What is the last step in the DNA replication process
All fragments are connected together
Which enzyme is responsible for connecting all leading and lagging strands together
DNA polymerase 1
What is the organization of DNA inside prokaryotes
Concentrated in the nucleoid
What is the organization of DNA inside eukaryotes
Inside the nucleus
What is the shape of a prokaryotic chromosomes
Circular
Is the shape of a eukaryotic chromosome
Linear
What structures are located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes
telomeres
What is the function of telomeres
Help protect the chromosome from the loss of information
