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Bio 140 > Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Quiz 9 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which pieces of DNA will exchange DNA

A

Allelic

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1
Q

Allelic exchange between Homo Logus chromosomes occurring at the chiasma resulting recombinant chromosomes

A

Define crossing over

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2
Q

What would happen if sister chromatids underwent crossing over

A

Creates more diversity for the chromosomes

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3
Q

What affect does crossing over have on the diversity of the gametes

A

creates more diversity

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4
Q

What is the chiasma

A

Place were crossing over occurs

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5
Q

How do you synapses crossing over relate to each other

A

Synapsis forms a Tetrad and crossing over occurs in the tetrad so synapsis has to occur for crossing over it occur

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6
Q

How is do you tetrad related to crossing over

A

It happens in a tetrad

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7
Q

Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis

A

Mitosis: a sexual reproduction, produces two genetically identical sister cells, diploid
meiosis: sexual reproduction, produces for genetically different haploid cells

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8
Q

Compare and contrast meiosis 2 and mitosis

A

Mitosis produces to sister sells meiosis produces for haploid cells

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9
Q

What is the puney square used for

A

Allows prediction or percentages of offspring with certain genotype/phenotypes for known Parental genotype/Phenotypes

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10
Q

Define homozygous

A

Possesses two copies of the same allele of a gene

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11
Q

Define heterozygous

A

Possesses two different alleles of the same gene

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12
Q

Define dominant

A

The letter, the one that will show through the phenotype

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13
Q

define recessive

A

Lower case letter. one that won’t show through unless if it’s Homo recessive

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14
Q

Define complete dominance

A

Dominant allele controls the phenotypic appearance

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15
Q

Incomplete dominance which genotype Results in the dominant phenotype

A

Homo dominant and hetero

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16
Q

Incomplete dominance which genotype results in the recessive phenotype

A

Homo recessive

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17
Q

Who is considered the father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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18
Q

What is the genotype of true Breeding

A

Homozygous

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19
Q

Define incomplete dominance

A

Intermediate phenotype between dominant and recessive phenotype

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20
Q

Compare and contrast complete dominance and incomplete dominance

A

Complete the dominant allele controls all the time and always and in complete

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21
Q

How many phenotypes are observed in complete dominance

A

2

22
Q

Which genotype gives the dominant phenotype incomplete dominance

A

Homo dominant and hetero

23
Q

Which genotype gives the dominant phenotype incomplete dominance

A

Homo recessive

24
Q

How many phenotypes are observed in incomplete dominance

A

3: homo d, hetero and homo r

25
Q

What is the phenotype of the heterozygous state an incomplete dominance relative to the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive

A

It would be the same as homo d

26
Q

How is the heterozygous state during complete dominance different than during incomplete dominance

A

During incomplete dominance it forms another trait such as red and white forms pink

27
Q

Define code dominance

A

Two alleles each affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways

28
Q

Compare and contrast complete dominance and code dominance

A

Code dominance both the alleles affect the phenotype while complete allele controls it

29
Q

What makes code dominance different than both complete and incomplete dominance

A

Both alleles affect it in co

30
Q

Define epistasis

A

The phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters the expression add a second locus

31
Q

How is epistasis different than either complete or incomplete or code dominance

A

In epistasis the phenotypic expression alters the second one

32
Q

What did Meseldon and stahl study

A

Worked with bacterial cells to study DNA replication, wanted to determine the mechanism used to synthesize new DNA. Demonstrate is semi conservative process using nitrogen and isotopes

33
Q

What did m and S used to study DNA replication

A

Bacterial cells

34
Q

What method for DNA replication was supported by m and S results

A

Semi conservative process

35
Q

What does semi conservative replication mean? How is the old DNA related to the new DNA?

A

Semi conservative saves half of the old DNA strand and pairs it with a new strand. They base pair

36
Q

What are the five steps in the DNA replication process

A
  1. formation of replication bubble at origin of replication
  2. synthesis of an RNA primer
  3. Synthesis of leading strand DNA
  4. Synthesis of lagging strand of DNA
  5. Removal of RNA primer a replacement with DNA
  6. Formation of Phosphodiester bonds between leading and lagging strains
37
Q

What are the Seven enzymes/proteins involved in DNA replication?

A 
Helicase, single-stranded DNA binding proteins, topoisomere
Promise
DNA polymerase 3 
DNA polymerase 1
Ligase
38
Q

What does the replication bubble represent

A

A growing fork where both New strands are synthesized

39
Q

How does the size of the replication bubble change during the replication process

A

It gets larger

40
Q

What is The primer composed of

A

RNA

41
Q

Which enzyme makes a primer

A

Promise

42
Q

Which enzyme makes the leading and lagging strands

A

DNA polymerase 3

43
Q

Describe the leading strand

A

Long continuous strand

44
Q

Describe the lagging strand

A

Mini short discontinuous pieces

45
Q

What are the two functions of DNA polymerase 1

A

Checks the newly added nucleotide for proper base pairing with the template strand

46
Q

What is the last step in the DNA replication process

A

All fragments are connected together

47
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for connecting all leading and lagging strands together

A

DNA polymerase 1

48
Q

What is the organization of DNA inside prokaryotes

A

Concentrated in the nucleoid

49
Q

What is the organization of DNA inside eukaryotes

A

Inside the nucleus

50
Q

What is the shape of a prokaryotic chromosomes

A

Circular

51
Q

Is the shape of a eukaryotic chromosome

A

Linear

52
Q

What structures are located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes

A

telomeres

53
Q

What is the function of telomeres

A

Help protect the chromosome from the loss of information

Bio 140 (6 decks)

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