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Bio 140 > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which type of passive movement shares a similarity to active movement

A

Facilitated diffusion

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1
Q

In what ways is active movement different than passive movement

A

Passive is high to low with no energy required and results in dilution. Active is low to high requires energy and results in concentration

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2
Q

Are channel proteins or carrier proteins generally involved in passive movement

A

Both

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3
Q

Are channel proteins or carrier proteins generally involved in active movement

A

Carrier proteins involved

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4
Q

What does a Uni Porter do

A

Transports one molecule one direction

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5
Q

Does a Sym porter do

A

Transport to molecules the same direction

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6
Q

What does an anti porter do

A

Transport to molecules in different directions

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7
Q

Define exocytosis

A

Sending outside the cell

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8
Q

Define endocytosis

A

Bringing into the cell

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9
Q

How are Exo an endo different then active and passive movement

A

They transport large molecules or large numbers of small molecules

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10
Q

what are the two activities associated with exocytosis

A

Secretion of exoenzymes and removal of Waste

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11
Q

What are the three types of Endocytosis

A

Receptor- mediated, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

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12
Q

Describe pinocytosis

A

Intake of fluids and solutes from the environment

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13
Q

Describe recepto mediated endocytosis

A

Small Molecules specifically bind to surface proteins called receptors

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14
Q

Describe phagocytosis

A

Large particle or cell is in golf

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15
Q

How are vesicles involved in exocytosis

A

They fuse with plasma membrane then release contents in the external environment

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16
Q

How are vesicles involved in endo cytosis

A

Forms a fluid filled vesicle

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17
Q

Define Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

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18
Q

Find potential energy

A

Stored energy

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19
Q

Most important property of life

A

Order

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20
Q

Five types of bonds/ interactions (in order)

A

Nonpolar covalent polar covalent ionic bonding hydrogen bonding Vanderwall’s

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21
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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22
Q

What does the second law of thermodynamics state

A

Every Energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

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23
Q

What is entropy

A

Disorder

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24
Q

What else can entropy be called

A

Chaos, randomness

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25
Q

Define metabolism

A

Sum or all of catabolic and anabolic reactions within a cell or organism

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26
Q

Define catabolism

A

Energy stored in organic molecules released (makes energy)

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27
Q

What happens in a catabolic reaction

A

Pathways are degradative

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28
Q

Define anabolism

A

Energy is consumed to build a complicated molecules from simpler ones

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29
Q

What happens in anabolic reaction

A

Pathways are biosynthetic

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30
Q

Describe a degradative reaction

A

Breaking down- hydrolysis

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31
Q

Describe A biosynthetic reaction

A

Building up- dehydration synthesis

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32
Q

What happened during a hydrolysis action

A

Water is used to split one large Molecule into two smaller molecules (polymers into monomers)

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33
Q

What happens during a dehydration reaction

A

Water is released into small molecules are joined together to generate one large molecule (monomers and polymers)

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34
Q

What is delta G

A

The energy difference between the products and reactants

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35
Q

How is delta G calculated

A

Total product energy minus total reactant energy

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36
Q

Define exergonic in terms of delta G

A

High energy reactants are converted into low energy products

37
Q

If a reaction is exergonic what is the energy level of the reactants and products

A

Negative

38
Q

Is define Endergonic in terms of delta G

A

Low energy reactants are converted into high energy products

39
Q

If a reaction is Endergonic what is the energy level of the reactants and products

A

Positive

40
Q

If a reaction is spontaneous what does that mean

A

They occur on their own, no impute of energy needed

41
Q

When or under what conditions are reactions going to be spontaneous

A

When there’s more products and reactants

42
Q

How is entropy related to spontaneous reactions

A

There will be an increase of entropy

43
Q

Catabolic

A

Releases energy

44
Q

Anabolic

A

Consumes energy

45
Q

Exergonic

A

Δg is negative

46
Q

Endergonic

A

Δg is positive

47
Q

Degradative

A

Breaking down

48
Q

Biosynthetic

A

Building up

49
Q

Spontaneous

A

Increases entropy

50
Q

Non spontaneous

A

Decreases entropy

51
Q

What are the functions of the membrane

A

Cell boundary, permeability barrier ( transport control and electrical/chemical gradient), site for protein attachment/insert insertion

52
Q

What is the major component of the membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer

53
Q

Define hydrophilic

A

Likes water, interacts with the water

54
Q

Define hydrophobic

A

Scared Of water doesn’t like water

55
Q

What is the difference between a saturated fatty acid in an unsaturated fatty acid

A

Saturated is straight unsaturated is bent

56
Q

Describe the characteristics of a membrane that only contain saturated fat fatty acids

A

If there are too many saturated fatty acids it will be too hard and not permeable at all

57
Q

Describe the characteristics of a membrane that only contain fat unsaturated fatty acid

A

It will be too liquidy

58
Q

What role does cholesterol play in terms of the membrane

A

Effect/change membrane permeability

59
Q

What are the two general types of membrane proteins

A

Peripheral and intergal

60
Q

Where are the Peripheral membrane proteins located

A

On the outside of the membrane

61
Q

What are the potential activities of Peripheral membrane proteins

A

Enzymatic, hydrolytic, communication, signaling, recognition

62
Q

Where are the integral membrane proteins located

A

On the inside of the membrane (in between phospholipids)

63
Q

What are the potential activities of the integral membrane proteins

A

transportation

64
Q

Define passive movement

A

No energy is required. molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

65
Q

Define active movement

A

Energy is required movement from low to high

66
Q

Compare and contrast passive and active movement

A

Passive results and dilution an active results and concentration

67
Q

What is a solvent

A

Liquid normally water water

68
Q

What is a solution

A

Solute +solvent

69
Q

What is a solute

A

Solid

70
Q

What are the three types of passive movement

A

Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion and osmosis

71
Q

Define diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from high to low

72
Q

Define simple diffusion

A

Solutes move through the membrane unassistanted

73
Q

Define facilitated. Diffusion

A

Solutes move through a transport proteins in the membrane

74
Q

Compare and contrast simple and facilitated diffusion

A

Simple is unassisted

75
Q

Which type of diffusion requires transport proteins

A

Facilitated

76
Q

When or what point does diffusion stop

A

When it reaches equilibrium

77
Q

What kind of molecules are freely diffusible

A

Small nonpolar and polar compounds

78
Q

What kinds of Molecules are not able to freely able to cross the membrane

A

Large or charged molecules

79
Q

Define osmosis

A

Water moves through the membrane unassisted high to low

80
Q

Define hypotonic solution

A

Salute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell

81
Q

Define hypertonic solution

A

Salute concentration outside the cell is higher then inside the cell

82
Q

Define iso tonic solution

A

Solute concentration outside the cell is equal to inside the cell

83
Q

Which direction will water move when a cell is in a hypertonic solution

A

Into which leads to osmotic lysis

84
Q

Which direction will water move when a cell is AN a hypotonic solution

A

Out which will create plasmolysis

85
Q

Which direction will water move when a cell is in an iso tonic solution

A

Want because it will be equal

86
Q

What is Osmotic lysis

A

The influx of water into a cell will cause the cell to swell and burst

87
Q

Which cell structure protects against osmotic lysis

A

Cell wall

88
Q

What Is plasmolysis

A

Efflux of water out of the cell cytoplasm shrinks and pulls away from the membrane

89
Q

Difference between a channel protein and a carrier protein

A

Channel proteins allow certain molecules pass through; carrier bind and carry molecules thru

90
Q

What is the difference between an open channel and I gated channel

A

Open lets anything through gated is selective

Bio 140 (6 decks)

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