Quiz 5 Flashcards
Which type of passive movement shares a similarity to active movement
Facilitated diffusion
In what ways is active movement different than passive movement
Passive is high to low with no energy required and results in dilution. Active is low to high requires energy and results in concentration
Are channel proteins or carrier proteins generally involved in passive movement
Both
Are channel proteins or carrier proteins generally involved in active movement
Carrier proteins involved
What does a Uni Porter do
Transports one molecule one direction
Does a Sym porter do
Transport to molecules the same direction
What does an anti porter do
Transport to molecules in different directions
Define exocytosis
Sending outside the cell
Define endocytosis
Bringing into the cell
How are Exo an endo different then active and passive movement
They transport large molecules or large numbers of small molecules
what are the two activities associated with exocytosis
Secretion of exoenzymes and removal of Waste
What are the three types of Endocytosis
Receptor- mediated, phagocytosis, pinocytosis
Describe pinocytosis
Intake of fluids and solutes from the environment
Describe recepto mediated endocytosis
Small Molecules specifically bind to surface proteins called receptors
Describe phagocytosis
Large particle or cell is in golf
How are vesicles involved in exocytosis
They fuse with plasma membrane then release contents in the external environment
How are vesicles involved in endo cytosis
Forms a fluid filled vesicle
Define Kinetic energy
Energy in motion
Find potential energy
Stored energy
Most important property of life
Order
Five types of bonds/ interactions (in order)
Nonpolar covalent polar covalent ionic bonding hydrogen bonding Vanderwall’s
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What does the second law of thermodynamics state
Every Energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
What is entropy
Disorder
What else can entropy be called
Chaos, randomness
Define metabolism
Sum or all of catabolic and anabolic reactions within a cell or organism
Define catabolism
Energy stored in organic molecules released (makes energy)
What happens in a catabolic reaction
Pathways are degradative
Define anabolism
Energy is consumed to build a complicated molecules from simpler ones
What happens in anabolic reaction
Pathways are biosynthetic
Describe a degradative reaction
Breaking down- hydrolysis
Describe A biosynthetic reaction
Building up- dehydration synthesis
What happened during a hydrolysis action
Water is used to split one large Molecule into two smaller molecules (polymers into monomers)
What happens during a dehydration reaction
Water is released into small molecules are joined together to generate one large molecule (monomers and polymers)
What is delta G
The energy difference between the products and reactants
How is delta G calculated
Total product energy minus total reactant energy
Define exergonic in terms of delta G
High energy reactants are converted into low energy products
If a reaction is exergonic what is the energy level of the reactants and products
Negative
Is define Endergonic in terms of delta G
Low energy reactants are converted into high energy products
If a reaction is Endergonic what is the energy level of the reactants and products
Positive
If a reaction is spontaneous what does that mean
They occur on their own, no impute of energy needed
When or under what conditions are reactions going to be spontaneous
When there’s more products and reactants
How is entropy related to spontaneous reactions
There will be an increase of entropy
Catabolic
Releases energy
Anabolic
Consumes energy
Exergonic
Δg is negative
Endergonic
Δg is positive
Degradative
Breaking down
Biosynthetic
Building up
Spontaneous
Increases entropy
Non spontaneous
Decreases entropy
What are the functions of the membrane
Cell boundary, permeability barrier ( transport control and electrical/chemical gradient), site for protein attachment/insert insertion
What is the major component of the membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Define hydrophilic
Likes water, interacts with the water
Define hydrophobic
Scared Of water doesn’t like water
What is the difference between a saturated fatty acid in an unsaturated fatty acid
Saturated is straight unsaturated is bent
Describe the characteristics of a membrane that only contain saturated fat fatty acids
If there are too many saturated fatty acids it will be too hard and not permeable at all
Describe the characteristics of a membrane that only contain fat unsaturated fatty acid
It will be too liquidy
What role does cholesterol play in terms of the membrane
Effect/change membrane permeability
What are the two general types of membrane proteins
Peripheral and intergal
Where are the Peripheral membrane proteins located
On the outside of the membrane
What are the potential activities of Peripheral membrane proteins
Enzymatic, hydrolytic, communication, signaling, recognition
Where are the integral membrane proteins located
On the inside of the membrane (in between phospholipids)
What are the potential activities of the integral membrane proteins
transportation
Define passive movement
No energy is required. molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Define active movement
Energy is required movement from low to high
Compare and contrast passive and active movement
Passive results and dilution an active results and concentration
What is a solvent
Liquid normally water water
What is a solution
Solute +solvent
What is a solute
Solid
What are the three types of passive movement
Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion and osmosis
Define diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low
Define simple diffusion
Solutes move through the membrane unassistanted
Define facilitated. Diffusion
Solutes move through a transport proteins in the membrane
Compare and contrast simple and facilitated diffusion
Simple is unassisted
Which type of diffusion requires transport proteins
Facilitated
When or what point does diffusion stop
When it reaches equilibrium
What kind of molecules are freely diffusible
Small nonpolar and polar compounds
What kinds of Molecules are not able to freely able to cross the membrane
Large or charged molecules
Define osmosis
Water moves through the membrane unassisted high to low
Define hypotonic solution
Salute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell
Define hypertonic solution
Salute concentration outside the cell is higher then inside the cell
Define iso tonic solution
Solute concentration outside the cell is equal to inside the cell
Which direction will water move when a cell is in a hypertonic solution
Into which leads to osmotic lysis
Which direction will water move when a cell is AN a hypotonic solution
Out which will create plasmolysis
Which direction will water move when a cell is in an iso tonic solution
Want because it will be equal
What is Osmotic lysis
The influx of water into a cell will cause the cell to swell and burst
Which cell structure protects against osmotic lysis
Cell wall
What Is plasmolysis
Efflux of water out of the cell cytoplasm shrinks and pulls away from the membrane
Difference between a channel protein and a carrier protein
Channel proteins allow certain molecules pass through; carrier bind and carry molecules thru
What is the difference between an open channel and I gated channel
Open lets anything through gated is selective
