Quiz 8

Question 1

Which statement is not true regarding aromatase?
Select one:
a. Widely present in adipose tissue in both men & women
b. Responsible for conversion of estrogens into androgens
c. Levels elevate with age in men
d. Aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole (Arimidex), may be used in the therapy of estrogen-positive breast cancers in post-menopausal women
e. Is an intracellular cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme

Answer 1

Responsible for conversion of estrogens into androgens

Question 2

All of the following are true regarding progesterone except:
Select one:
a. Elevated in the plasma during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
b. Decreases core temperature during ovulation
c. Is considered a neurosteroid
d. Inhibits lactation during pregnancy
e. Has many important roles in fetal development

Answer 2

Decreases core temperature during ovulation

Question 3

Which statement is not true regarding estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta or ER2)?
Select one:
a. Natural ligands include flax lignans & isoflavones (such as in soy)
b. Found in central nervous system, bone, heart, endothelial, and prostate tissues
c. Is the estrogen receptor usually expressed in 70% of breast cancer tumors (estrogen-positive breast cancers) ER-alpha is typically more common ER+ breast cancers
d. Estriol preferentially binds to ER2 as opposed to ER1
e. None of the above

Answer 3

Is the estrogen receptor usually expressed in 70% of breast cancer tumors (estrogen-positive breast cancers) ER-alpha is typically more common ER+ breast cancers

Question 4

Estradiol is associated with all of the following physiological effects except:
Select one:
a. Increased muscle mass
b. Increased sodium & water retention
c. Breast & reproductive tract development
d. Decreased bone resorption & increased bone formation
e. Decreased LDL & increased HDL cholesterol levels

Answer 4

Increased muscle mass This is an effect of androgens; estrogens tend to decrease muscle mass

Question 5

All of the following typically decrease sex hormone binding (SHBG) levels except:
Select one:
a. Glucocorticoids
b. Hyperinsulinemia
c. High estrogen states
d. Obesity
e. Hyperandrogenism

Answer 5

High estrogen states

Question 6

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is typically associated with all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Elevated androgens
b. Amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea
c. Hypotension
d. Infertility
e. Insulin resistance

Answer 6

Hypotension

Question 7

Which one of the following is not part of the 2003 Rotterdam criteria for diagnosing PCOS?
Select one:
a. Presence of oligo-ovulation or anovulation
b. Metabolic syndrome
c. Polycystic ovaries (observed using transvaginal ultrasound)
d. Clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism
e. None of the above

Answer 7

Metabolic syndrome

Question 8

Which is not a cause of secondary amenorrhea?
Select one:
a. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
b. Hyperprolactinemia
c. Functional hypothalamic/pituitary dysregulation of gonadotropins
d. Mullerian agenesis
e. Asherman syndrome

Answer 8

Mullerian agenesis …this would cause primary amenorrhea

Question 9

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using oral conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin) + a progestin (such as Provera) in post-menopausal women would tend to have all of the following benefits, except:
Select one:
a. Reduced LDL & total cholesterol levels
b. Reduced hot flashes & vaginal dryness
c. Reduced risk of hip fracture & osteoporosis
d. Reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer
e. Reduced risk of thrombosis

Answer 9

Reduced risk of thrombosis Correct–this, together with the increased risk of breast (and possibly ovarian & endometrial) cancers, is the greatest risk of HRT

Question 10

Menstruation occurring in intervals greater than 35 days, with only 4-9 periods in a year, is known as:
Select one:
a. Oligomenorrhea
b. Metrorrhagia
c. Menorrhagia
d. Amenorrhea
e. Dysmenorrhea

Answer 10

Oligomenorrhea