Quiz 2 Flashcards
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released primarily in response to: Select one: a. Increased serum osmolality b. Decreased serum osmolality c. Increased blood pressure d. Decreased blood pressure e. Hypernatremia
Increased serum osmolality
The two hormones released from the neurohypophysis are manufactured in the:
Select one:
a. Adenohypophysis
b. Hypophyseal portal veins
c. Pars intermedia
d. Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
e. Locus ceruleus
Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
The etiology of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) would include all of the following, except:
Select one:
a. Meningitis
b. Pneumonia
c. Pulmonary carcinoma (small-cell lung cancer)
d. Head trauma
e. Medications containing lithium
Medications containing lithium
Which statement is true regarding euvolemic hyponatremia?
Select one:
a. Often associated with congestive heart failure or renal failure
b. May result from SIADH, adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), or “beer potamania”
c. Primary treatment recommendations are to correct hyponatremia with 3% IV hypertonic saline solution
d. Associated with decreased total body water and sodium
e. May be diagnosed when serum sodium levels are < 145 mEq/L
May result from SIADH, adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), or “beer potamania”
In pregnancy, the hormone primarily responsible for uterine contraction at delivery, as well as milk ejection from the breast, is: Select one: a. Prolactin b. ACTH c. Beta-endorphin d. Oxytocin e. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Oxytocin
A 66-year-old man with a 50-pack year history of cigarette smoking comes to the clinic complaining of chronic cough, dyspnea, and blood in his sputum. He says he has been feeling lethargic and has lost 40lbs over the past 3 months with no changes in diet or exercise. While awaiting an x-ray of the chest, the patient suffers a seizure and is rushed to the emergency department of the nearest hospital. Laboratory studies show a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L (normal range: 135-145 mEq/L). Which of the following is most likely to be elevated in this patient? Select one: a. ACTH b. ADH c. TSH d. IGF-1 e. GnRH
ADH
Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by the passage of: Select one: a. Small volumes of dilute urine b. Large volumes of concentrated urine c. Small volumes of concentrated urine d. Large volumes of dilute urine e. Decreased plasma osmolality
Large volumes of dilute urine
Which statement is true regarding neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus?
Select one:
a. Urine concentrates with water deprivation testing
b. Urine concentrates with synthetic ADH administration
c. Urine fails to concentrate with either water deprivation or synthetic ADH administration
d. Both 1 & 2 are true
e. None of the above
Urine concentrates with synthetic ADH administration
Which of the following conditions is treated with synthetic ADH given orally or by nasal spray? Select one: a. Central diabetes insipidus b. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus c. Psychogenic water binging d. All of the above e. None of the above
Central diabetes insipidus
Central pontine myelinolysis may result from too rapid IV infusion of which electrolyte? Select one: a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Magnesium e. Phosphate
Sodium
A 35-year-old man presents to his physician complaining of increased urinary frequency, polyuria, and an insatiable thirst. He was recently started on a new medication by his psychiatrist. Laboratory studies show that the patient is hypernatremic and has decreased urinary osmolarity. Which one of the following drugs is most likely contributing to this patient's current condition? Select one: a. Carbamazepine b. Lithium c. Fluoxetine d. Phenobarbital e. Clomipramine
Lithium
Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect or damage to:
Select one:
a. The pituitary stalk causing malfunction of the hunger mechanism
b. The pituitary stalk causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism
c. The hypothalamus causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism
d. The pituitary gland causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism
e. None of the above
The hypothalamus causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism
The hypothalamic neurons that regulate endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary:
Select one:
a. Synapse directly onto their target cells
b. Release peptide hormones into the hypophyseal portal blood system
c. Terminate in the Herring bodies in the pituitary gland
d. Originate in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus
e. Release either oxytocin or vasopressin (ADH)
Release peptide hormones into the hypophyseal portal blood system
In a 35-year-old female with SIADH, laboratory findings would typically include all of the following, except:
Select one:
a. Serum sodium < 135 mEq/L (normal range: 135-145 mEq/L)
b. BUN < 10 mg/dL (normal range: 7-20 mg/dL)
c. Serum potassium > 5.0 mEq/L (normal range 3.5-5.0 mEq/L)
d. Uric acid < 4 mg/dL (normal range: 2.4-6.0 mg/dL)
e. Reduced anion gap
Serum potassium > 5.0 mEq/L (normal range 3.5-5.0 mEq/L) Correct…serum potassium levels are usually not affected in SIADH; this, with hyponatremia, might suggest true adrenal fatigue (Addison disease)
Oxytocin is secreted exclusively by the poster pituitary gland:
Select one:
True
False
False
