Diabetes - Overview Flashcards
Which condition is a relative or absolute lack of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia?
Diabetes
What is the diagnostic level for HgbA1c?
≥ 6.5% (best to have 2 confirmatory values)
What is the diagnostic level for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (after 8 hour fast)?
≥ 126 mg/dL (best to have 2 consecutive elevated FPG levels)
What is the diagnostic level for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)?
≥ 200 mg/dL 2 hours after ingestion of glucose bolus (75 g of anhydrous glucose dissolved in water)
What is the diagnostic level for non-fasting serum glucose?
≥ 200 mg/dL + clinical signs & symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
T/F: Type 1 DM (Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is a relative insulin deficiency
FALSE! It is an ABSOLUTE deficiency of insulin
DM1 is a result of what going on in the pancreas?
Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islets by anti-islet antibodies
In DM1, islet cells are infiltrated by which kind of cells which causes the presence of which type of antibodies to be present in the blood? What happens to the islet cells?
T-cells; anti-insulin antibodies
Islet cells develop fibrosis and atrophy
Familial connection is stronger in DM1 or DM2?
DM2
Which condition that involves rapid breathing, mental disorientation, and sudden coma usually leads to a diagnosis of DM1?
Diabetic keto-acidosis
In DM1, elevated glucose spills into urine, causing what 4 problems?
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- polyuria
- weight loss
What is the treatment for DM1?
Requires exogenous insulin - Usually in the form of daily injections of insulin or with an insulin pump
T/F: With DM2, insulin is produced, but insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (i.e. skeletal muscle cells) decreases efficacy
True
Unlike DM1, DM2 onset happens in which age group?
Usually adult onset
In DM2, elevated fasting glucose and elevated hgbA1c can cause insulin resistance (prediabetes or dysglycemia) which causes the pancreas to do what with regards to insulin?
Hyper-secrete insulin (hyperinsulinemia)
