Quiz 1

Question 1

The tropic hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary that stimulates thyroxine (T4) release from the thyroid gland is:

Answer 1

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin)

Question 2

Which of the following types of hormones are easily absorbed through the skin via gel, cream, or patch?

Answer 2

Steroid hormones

Question 3

Human growth hormone (hgh) exerts its effects on cells via:

Answer 3

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)

Question 4

A 25-year-old female presents to your office with her 4-month-old son. She reports to you that two months after delivering her son, she began noting diminished milk production. Upon further questioning, she also complains of fatigue, diminished libido, and abnormally dry skin. Physical exam is remarkable for diminished amount of pubic and axillary hair. What is your most likely diagnosis?

Answer 4

Sheehan’s syndrome

Question 5

A surge in which anterior pituitary hormone triggers ovulation?

Answer 5

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 6

Severing the neural connections between the hypothalamus and pituitary would affect the secretion of which of the following pituitary hormones?

Answer 6

Oxytocin

Question 7

Agents that are secreted by a cell and act only on nearby or neighboring cells are known as:

Answer 7

Paracrine agents

Question 8

A 42-year-old white man presents with a complaint of a “sugar problem.” He brings a copy of the report that was obtained on his routine insurance screening test.The report shows a fasting glucose of 136 mg/dL (normal range: 70-100 mg/dL) and a follow-up fasting glucose level of 142 mg/dL.During a review of systems the patient complains of weight gain, trouble speaking, and vision problems over the past several months.He specifically comments that his favorite hat is now too small on him.During examination of the patient’s cranial nerves, which of the following visual field cuts would be expected?

Answer 8

Lack of lateral visual fields

would look like laterally black hemispheres - vision being disturbed vertically

Question 9

Which statement is not true regarding melatonin?

a. Levels are most elevated during the evening and early morning hours
b. Secreted by pinealocytes
c. Synthesized from the amino acid L-tyrosine
d. Acts on peripheral melatonin receptors to maintain body-wide circadian rhythms
e. Acts as an immunomodulator

Answer 9

Synthesized from the amino acid L-tyrosine (It’s precursor is L-tryptophan)

Question 10

All of the following hormones require carrier proteins to be transported in the plasma except:

a. Pregnenolone
b. 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D
c. Thyroxine (T4)
d. Insulin
e. Cortisol

Answer 10

Insulin

Question 11

Which one of the following hormones binds directly to intracellular/intranuclear receptors to exert its actions on cell function?
Select one:
a. Insulin
b. Thyroxine (T4)
c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
d. Epinephrine
e. Calcitonin

Answer 11

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 12

Which statement is not true?
Select one:
a. Pituitary microadenomas are often managed medically using dopamine antagonists
b. Pituitary adenomas can be life-threatening
c. Hypogonadism is a frequent manifestation of pituitary adenomas
d. Mass effects from pituitary adenomas may increase intracranial pressure
e. Achondroplastic dwarfism is not the result of an endocrine disorder

Answer 12

Pituitary microadenomas are often managed medically using dopamine antagonists

Question 13

Dopamine agonists (such as cabergoline) would have what effect on prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary?
Select one:
a. Increase release of prolactin
b. Decrease release of prolactin
c. Have no effect on prolactin release
d. Would increase both prolactin and GH secretion
e. None of the above

Answer 13

Decrease release of prolactin

Question 14

Which of the following conditions is most commonly found in obese females with a history of multiple pregnancies and hypertension?
Select one:
a. Prolactinoma
b. Acromegaly
c. Pinealoma
d. Pituitary apoplexy
e. Empty sella syndrome

Answer 14

Empty sella syndrome

Question 15

ACTH stimulates the release of which hormones from the adrenal cortex?
Select one:
a. Cholesterol and cortisol
b. Cortisol and estrogen
c. Cortisol and androgens (DHEA-S)
d. Cortisol and aldosterone
e. None of the above

Answer 15

Cortisol and androgens (DHEA-S)

Question 16

The hormone most commonly hyper-secreted in pituitary adenomas is:
Select one:
a. ACTH
b. TSH
c. Growth hormone (GH)
d. Prolactin
e. FSH

Answer 16

Prolactin

Question 17

The most common cause of dwarfism in children is:
Select one:
a. Achondroplastic dwarfism
b. Pituitary dwarfism
c. Pituitary apoplexy
d. Congenital hypothyroidism
e. Empty sella syndrome

Answer 17

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Question 18

A 43 year old female presents with a moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple straiae, buffalo hump, fragile skin and impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, a visual exam reveals bitemporal hemianopsia. She most likely has:
Select one:
a. Acromegaly
b. Cushing's disease
c. Hyperprolactinemia
d. Sheehan's syndrome
e. Elevated FSH and LH levels

Answer 18

Cushing’s disease

Question 19

A 35-year-old female patient presents with thick jaw, prominent brow, large hands, hypertension, arthritis, menstrual disturbances, and diabetes mellitus. A 5mm pituitary adenoma is detected on an MRI of her head. This adenoma is most likely hyper-secreting which hormone? 
Select one:
a. TSH
b. FSH
c. LH
d. Prolactin
e. Growth hormone

Answer 19

Growth hormone

Question 20

All of the following increase growth hormone secretion, except?
Select one:
a. Low blood glucose
b. Estrogen
c. Cortisol
d. Strenuous exercise
e. Deep sleep

Answer 20

Cortisol