Quiz 5 Flashcards
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Select one: a. Decreases blood glucose levels b. Increases osteoclast activity c. Increases insulin levels d. Increases growth hormone & IGF-1 e. Increases osteoblast activity
Increases osteoclast activity
Aside from adjusting calcium levels, what other ions does the parathyroid control? Select one: a. Phosphate and magnesium b. Only regulates calcium ions c. Sodium & potassium d. H+ and OH- e. H+ and bicarbonate ion
Phosphate and magnesium
Hypocalcemia (in non-pregnant adult females & men) occurs when serum calcium falls below: Select one: a. 5.5 mg/dL b. 6.5 mg/dL c. 7.5 mg/dL d. 8.5 mg/dL e. 9.5 mg/dL
8.5 mg/dL
How many parathyroid glands do most people have? Select one: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 7
4
The parathyroid glands are found between the thyroid follicles, embedded within the thyroid gland:
Select one:
True
False
False
The two types of cells found in the parathyroid gland are the: Select one: a. Alpha & beta cells b. Parafollicular & follicular cells c. Medullary & basophil cells d. Sertoli & Leydig cells e. Chief & oxyphil cells
Chief & oxyphil cells
Hypocalcemia is typically associated with all of the following except: Select one: a. Anxiety b. Tetany c. Shorted QT-interval on ECG d. Muscle cramps e. Seizures
Shorted QT-interval on ECG
Which hormone is a natural antagonist to parathyroid hormone? Select one: a. Calcitonin b. Calcitriol c. Glucagon d. Somatostatin e. Insulin
Calcitonin
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?
Select one:
a. Parathyroid hyperplasia
b. Parathyroid carcinoma
c. Surgical trauma/damage
d. Radioactive iodine treatment of Grave’s disease
e. Solitary parathyroid adenoma
Surgical trauma/damage
A patient with an elevated serum ionized calcium and a high PTH is most likely to have which of the following conditions? Select one: a. Thyroid chief cell adenoma b. Parathyroid carcinoma c. Parathyroid adenoma d. Pituitary adenoma e. Chronic renal failure
Parathyroid adenoma
The history and physical examination of patients presenting with hypercalcemia is most likely to reveal which of the following signs or symptoms?
Select one:
a. Severe fatigue/Chvostek’s sign positive
b. Severe fatigue/Trousseau’s sign positive
c. Bradycardia
d. Choice A & B
e. Asymptomatic/no pathological signs
Bradycardia
A 42-year-old female presents to clinic with symptom of numbness & tingling around her lips & in her extremities. She also complains of frequent muscle spasms, frequent episodes of irritability, hypotension, and chronic itching over most of her body. Six months ago, she underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma & has been taking levothyroxine 200mcg/day. Her current TSH & fT4 levels are within normal limits. You run a CMP, and her serum calcium is 8.0 mg/dL. Which condition most likely explains these findings? Select one: a. Primary hypothyroidism b. Cushing syndrome c. Addison disease d. Hyperparathyroidism e. Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
A mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to the pediatrician because she has noticed that her daughter’s ribs appear knobby on either side of her midline, and her legs are slightly bowed. The mother says that she and her daughter live in an inner-city apartment and rarely go outside. She also notes that she is still breastfeeding her daughter. Which laboratory result would the pediatrician expect to see in this condition?
a. Decreased calcium, phosphate, and PTH
b. Decreased calcium and phosphate, Increased PTH
c. Decreased calcium and Increased phosphate and PTH
d. Increased calcium and PTH and Decreased phosphate
e. Increased calcium and phosphate and Decreased PTH
Decreased calcium and phosphate, Increased PTH
Following vigorous hydration of a patient with hypercalcemia, which of the following drugs would serve to increase loss of calcium in the urine?
Select one:
a. A loop diuretic, such as furosemide (Lasix)
b. A thiazide diuretic, such as hydrochlorothiazide
c. A bisphosphonate, such as alendronate
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
A loop diuretic, such as furosemide (Lasix)
Which sign/symptom would not be likely found in a patient with a PTHrP-secreting tumor? Select one: a. Hyperactive tendon reflexes b. Shorted QT interval on ECG c. Ataxia d. Nephrocalcinosis e. Band keratopathy
Hyperactive tendon reflexes
