Quiz 7 Material Flashcards
What did the name vitamins come from?
vital amines
What are the 4 characteristics of vitamins?
organic
essential
small quantities
spontaneously oxidize (breakdown)
What are the 2 types of vitamins?
fat soluble and water soluble
What vitamins are fat soluble? (4) What are their characteristics? (3)
Vitamin A, D, E, K
specific functions
can be stored
can be toxic
What vitamins are water soluble? (2) What are their characteristics? (3)
B vitamins, Vitamin C
coenzymes/cofactors (help in reactions)
not stored
non toxic
What is Vitamin A also known as?
retinol/retinoids
Where does Vitamin A come from?
carotenoids
What are the 3 functions of Vitamin A?
aid in vision
aid in night vision
antioxidant properties
Where’s the source of Vitamin A?
green plants
Where can Vitamin A be stored? How long can cattle store Vitamin A?
liver; 3-4 months
What’s another name for Vitamin F?
linoleic acid
What’s Vitamin D also known as?
choleocalciferol
What are the 3 functions of Vitamin D?
aid in bone health
mineralization
aid in milk production
What’s the relationship between UV rays and Vitamin D?
UV rays convert cholesterol in skin to Vitamin D
What mineral does Vitamin D have a relationship with?
calcium
What is Vitamin E also known as?
tocopherol
What’s the function of Vitamin E?
antioxidant properties
What mineral does Vitamin E have a relationship with?
selenium
What 2 diseases are the result of Vitamin E deficiency?
white muscle disease (cattle)
stiff lamb disease
What’s the source of Vitamin E?
plants
What’s Vitamin K also known as?
phylloquiones
What’s the function of Vitamin K?
aid in blood clotting
What are the 2 sources of Vitamin K?
green plants
microbes in digestive tract
What can a deficiency in Vitamin K cause?
spontaneous bleeding
What B vitamin is Thiamin?
B1
What is Thiamin a cofactor in?
TCA cycle
True or False. Thiamin is the oldest B vitamin.
true
When was Thiamin first described?
2000 BC in China from Beriberi disease due to dehulled grain
What’s the source of Thiamin?
whole grains
True or False. Pigs can store Thiamin.
true
What B vitamin is Riboflarin?
B2
What is Riboflarin a cofactor of?
FAD to FADH
What can a deficiency is riboflarin cause? (4)
reduced growth
blurred vision
dermititis
paralysis
What are the sources of Riboflarin? (3)
green leafy foods
cereal
milk
What B vitamin is Niacin?
B3
What is Niacin a cofactor for?
NAD to NADH
What disease is Niacin associated with? What are the symptoms? (4)
Pellagra
Symptoms: 4Ds
diarrhea
dermititis
dementia
death
What caused Pellagra?
diet high in corn; corn is low in niacin and tryptophan
What B vitamin is Pyridoxine?
B6
What is Pyridoxine a cofactor for?
protein synthesis
What can a deficiency in Pyridoxine cause? (3)
poor growth
dermititis
nerve degeneration
What are the sources of pyridoxine?
many foods such as cereals and milk
What B vitamin is Cobalamin?
B12
What does Cobalamin contain? Hint: where it gets its name
cobalt
What can cobalamin prevent?
pernicious anemia
Since cobalamin is large in size, what does it need for absorption?
transporters
What can a deficiency in cobalamin cause? (3)
poor growth
rough hair coats
uncoordinated movements
What can spare the requirement for cobalamin?
methionine
Where can cobalamin be synthesize?
in GI tract
True or false. Cobalamin can be stored.
true
What B vitamin is folic acid?
B9
What is folic acid involved in? (2)
DNA/RNA synthesis and function of nervous tissue
What can a deficiency in folic acid cause? (2)
neural tube defects and abnormal fetus
Can folic acid be stored?
no
Where can folic acid be found?
lots of foods/feedstuffs
Can animals be deficient in folic acid?
no
What vitamin is Biotin?
Vitamin H
What does biotin help with?
health of hair, skin, nails, feathers, wool
What can a deficiency in biotin cause? (3)
cracking hooves, nails
dermititis
alopecia (hair loss)
What are the sources of biotin? (3)
animal products
whole grain
synthesized by bacteria in GI tract
What inhibits biotin from being absorbed? Where can it be found?
Avidin; raw eggs
Is deficiency in biotin likely?
no
What vitamin is Ascorbic Acid?
Vitamin C
What is associated with Ascorbic Acid?
limmy
What can a deficiency in Ascorbic Acid cause? (5)
scurvy (spontaneous bleeding)
weight loss
edema
diarrhea
emaciation (very thin)
What are the sources of Ascorbic Acid? (2)
fresh fruits and vegetables
True or False. Ascorbic Acid has antioxidant properties.
true
What animals can’t convert glucose to Vitamin C? (3) Why?
primates
guinea pigs
Indian fruit bat
they lack the enzyme glucolactonase
Can all farm animals convert glucose to Vitamin C?
yes
