Quiz 3 Material Flashcards
True or False. Water is the most abundant nutrient in the animal body and the most essential.
true
What happens to the water and lipid content in the body over time?
water decreases; lipids increase
Is water a long term storage? How many days does it take for it to be replaced in the body?
no; 3 days
What’s the percentage of water in an animal’s body?
50-60%
How much water content is in muscles?
75%
How much water content is in adipose tissue?
15%
How much water content is in fresh bone?
30%
How much water content is in tooth enamel?
5%
How is water distributed in the body? (4)
intercellular fluid
extracellular fluid
interstitial fluid (between cells)
GI tract
What are the functions of water? (9)
hydration
transports nutrients
lubrication and cushing
solvent
needed for chemical reactions
transfer light and sound
maintain blood volume
regulate body temp
form and structure
Is water absorption passive or active?
passive
Where does water absorption happen in monogastrics? Where does the majority of absorption happen?
small and large intestine; large intestine
Where does water absorption happen in ruminants? (5)
rumen
reticulum
omasum
SI
LI
What happens when the large intestine fails to absorb water?
diarrhea
How is water excreted? (4)
feces
urine/kidney
sweat
respiration
Where do we get water from? (4)
drinking
food
metabolic water - water produced from reaction in body
catabolism of tissue (break down)
What factors affect water intake? (6)
temp
intake amount
physiological status (Ex: lactation)
disease conditions
salt intake
indigestible fiber
What are monosaccharides? What are some examples?
simple sugars; glucose, fructose, and galactose
How can carbons be described?
the number of carbons
What is a carbohydrate called with 3 carbons?
triose
What is a carbohydrate called with 4 carbons?
tetrose
What is a carbohydrate called with 5 carbons?
pentose
What is a carbohydrate called with 6 carbons?
hexose
What is a carbohydrate called with 7 carbons?
heptose
What kind of isomerization do carbohydrates have? Which one is found in nature? Which parent compound is it related to?
D and L; D; glyceraldyde
What are disaccharides? What bonds are they linked by?
2 sugars bond together; glycosidic
What are some important disaccharides? What are their components? (3)
maltose (2 glucose, alpha 1-4 bond)
sucrose (glucose and fructose)
lactose (glucose and galactose)
What are trisaccharides?
3 sugars bond together
What’s an example of a trisaccharide? What are its components?
raffinose (galactose, glucose, fructose)
What’s an example of a tetrasaccharide? What are its components?
stachyose (galactose. galactose, glucose, fructose)
What do nonstructural polysaccharides do? What are some examples? (2)
store energy
starch - plants
glycogen - humans/animals
What do structural polysaccharides do? What are some examples? (3)
provide structure
cellulose
hemicellulose
pectins
True or false. Lignin is not a true carbohydrate.
true
What are 2 types of starches? Describe them.
amylose - linear chain, alpha 1,4 bonds, makes up 15-30% of starch
amylopectin - branded chain, alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds, makes up 70-85% of starch, largest molecule in nature
Describe glycogen. (4)
stored in liver and muscles
not in large quantities
alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
10 units per branch
How do monogastircs absorb carbohydrates?
active transport
How do ruminants absorb carbohydrates?
rumen - bacteria (VFA)
SI - active transport
