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PNS > Quiz 7: Eye > Flashcards

Quiz 7: Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the eye is a derivative of neuroectoderm?

A

Retina (and pigmented structures)

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2
Q

Which parts of the eye are derivatives of surface ectoderm?

A

Lens and cornea

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3
Q

Which part of the eye is a derivative of neural crest mesenchyme?

A

Sclera

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4
Q

Which tunic is the outermost? What does it contain?

A

Fibrous; Sclera and cornea

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5
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Maintains shape if pressure inside the eye increases

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6
Q

Anteriorly, the sclera transitions into the cornea at which location?

A

Limbus

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7
Q

Posteriorly, the sclera is continuous with the fibrous sheath that covers which cranial nerve?

A

CNII

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8
Q

What is the primary refractory part of the eyeball?

A

Cornea

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9
Q

Which layer of the cornea is continuous with the conjunctiva?

A

Corneal epithelium

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10
Q

Which layer of the cornea is the largest?

A

Substantia propria

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11
Q

Which layer of the cornea covers the inside surface and lines the iridocorneal layer?

A

Endothelium

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12
Q

Endothelium covers the inside surface of the cornea and lines what?

A

Iridocorneal layer

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13
Q

Which part of the eye may have a cooling effect?

A

Choroid

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14
Q

The choroid is loosely attached to the sclera except:

A

Where the optic nerve penetrates it

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15
Q

The ciliary body is continuous with _____ to the anterior and _____ to the posterior.

A

Iris; Choroid

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16
Q

The vascular tunic contains which parts of the eye?

A

Choroid, ciliary body and the iris

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17
Q

Which part of the eye is responsible for producing aqueous fluid found in the anterior segment of the eye?

A

Ciliary body

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18
Q

Contraction of the ciliary muscle allows the lens to become _____, allowing for near vision.

A

More convex

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19
Q

The iris consists of which two muscles?

A

Sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

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20
Q

The sphincter pupillae muscle is innervated by _____ fibers, while the dilator pupillae muscle is innervated by _____ fibers.

A

Parasympathetic; sympathetic

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21
Q

Which tunic is considered to be a specialized portion of the brain?

A

Nervous tunic (retina)

22
Q

Which exam is used to make retinal structures visible?

A

Funduscopic exam

23
Q

The point at which the optic nerve attaches to the eyeball is termed:

A

Optic disc

24
Q

The area of clearest vision is the:

A

Macula lutea

25
Q

No photoreceptors are present in which part of the retina?

A

Optic disc

26
Q

Which structure lies in the middle of the maculae lutea?

A

Fovea centralis

27
Q

The macula lutea contains which photoreceptor?

A

Cones (no rods!)

28
Q

The clear fluid secreted by the ciliary processes found on the posterior aspect of the ciliary body is called:

A

Aqueous humor

29
Q

Aqueous humor ultimately leaves the eyeball through which structure?

A

Scleral venous sinus

30
Q

This part of the eye has no blood supply.

A

Lens

31
Q

The name of the condition where the lens gets harder with age, causing difficulty with near vision.

A

Presbyopia

32
Q

The fluid that fills the posterior segment is called:

A

Vitreous body

33
Q

The structure that connects the optic nerve and lens.

A

Hyaloid canal

34
Q

The hyaloid canal contains which structure?

A

Fetal hyaloid artery (totally pointless for adults)

35
Q

Lacrimal glands are located _____ to the eyeball.

A

Superolaterally

36
Q

Tears flow in which direction?

A

Laterally to medially across the eye

37
Q

Lacrimal ducts are located _____ to the eyeball.

A

Below and medial

38
Q

The lacrimal sac is the most superior part of what structure?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

39
Q

The most superior part of the nasolacrimal duct is?

A

Lacrimal sac

40
Q

The lacrimal sac is found in a groove between which two structures?

A

Lacrimal bone and the maxilla

41
Q

The nasolacrimal duct drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the:

A

Inferior nasal meatus

42
Q

In order, describe the flow of tears in the lacrimal apparatus.

A

Lacrimal gland –> Surface of the eye –> Lacrimal ducts –>Lacrimal sac (nasolacrimal duct) –> inferior nasal meatus

43
Q

All arteries to the eyeball are branches of which artery?

A

Ophthalmic artery

44
Q

Which artery runs between the sclera and choroid?

A

Posterior ciliary artery

45
Q

How many short ciliary arteries enter the eyeball?

A

6-12

46
Q

How many anterior ciliary arteries arch under and over the eyeball?

A

6-8

47
Q

Short ciliary arteries form a ring around which nerve?

A

Optic nerve

48
Q

The only artery that supplies the retina.

A

Central retinal artery

49
Q

Which nerve provides sensory supply to the ciliary body, cornea and iris?

A

Long ciliary nerve

50
Q

Which nerve provides sensory supply to the eyeball?

A

Short ciliary nerve

51
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the cavernous plexus pass through the ciliary ganglion and reach which muscles?

A

Ciliaris and dilator pupillae muscles

52
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ciliary ganglion follow a similar path to which muscles?

A

Ciliaris and sphincter pupillae muscles

PNS (6 decks)

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