Exam II Flashcards
1
Q
CN IX carries _____ innervation to the stylopharyngeus, _____ information from the pharynx and _____ information leading to the _____ and other glands.
A
Motor; Sensory; Parasympathetic; Parotid
2
Q
The motor fibers of carried by CN IX arise from cell bodies located in the:
A
Superior part of the nucleus ambiguus
3
Q
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN IX arise from the:
A
Inferior salivary nucleus
4
Q
Afferent, sensory fibers of CN IX terminate in the:
A
Solitary nucleus (nucleus solitarius)
5
Q
The nucleus ambiguus contributes lower motor neurons to which CNs?
A
IX, X and XI
6
Q
Preganglionic parasympathetic axons that arise from the inferior salivary nucleus synapse in the:
A
Otic ganglion
7
Q
What is the apparent origin of CN IX?
A
Superior aspect of the M.O.
8
Q
CN IX exits the skull via the:
A
Jugular foramen
9
Q
The superior ganglion is located _____, while the inferior ganglion is located _____.
A
Inside the cranium; Beyond the jugular foramen outside the cranium
10
Q
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic nerve are carried though what structure?
A
Tympanic canaliculus
11
Q
In which structure will postganglionic sympathetic fibers form the tympanic plexus?
A
Superior cervical ganglion
12
Q
Which nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic plexus to the otic ganglion?
A
Lesser petrosal nerve
13
Q
The carotid branch carries afferent information from _____ in the carotid body and _____ in the carotid sinus.
A
Chemoreceptors; baroreceptors
14
Q
Which branch of CN IX supplies the stylopharyngeus?
A
Muscular branch
15
Q
Which branches of CN IX reach the oral cavity?
A
Tonsillar and lingual branches
16
Q
Motor fibers carried in the vagus nerve have cell bodies located in the:
A
Nucleus ambiguus
17
Q
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN X arise from the:
A
Posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus
18
Q
The posterior nucleus of the vagus receives information directly/indirectly from the:
A
Indirectly; Hypothalamus and carotid sinus
19
Q
Incoming somatic sensory information of CN X terminates in the:
A
Spinal nucleus of CN V
20
Q
What are the other names of the superior and inferior ganglia of the vagus nerve?
A
Superior = Jugular ganglion Inferior = Nodose ganglion
21
Q
The apparent origin of the vagus nerve is the:
A
Lateral aspect of the M.O.
22
Q
Which branch of the vagus nerve is given off before exiting the skull?
A
Meningeal branch
23
Q
The vagus nerve exits the skull via the:
A
Jugular foramen
24
Q
Which branch of the vagus nerve supplies the dura of the posterior cranial fossa?
A
Meningeal branch
25
The vagus nerve, along with CN XI, travels _____ to the septum, while CN IX travels _____ to the septum.
Anterior; posterior
26
The auricular branch of CN X courses through which structures to reach the external acoustic meatus?
Mastoid canaliculus and tympanomastoid fissure
27
Between which two structures does CN X travel within the carotid sheath?
Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein
28
Vagal fibers of the pharyngeal branch will provide motor supply to which muscles?
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles and levator veli palatine muscle
29
If the uvula deviates to the right, this indicates:
Left CN X issue (uvula deviates to the healthy side)
30
The external laryngeal nerve provides motor supply to which muscle?
Cricothyroid muscle
31
The internal laryngeal nerve carries sensory information to which structure?
Laryngeal mucosa
32
The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all muscles of the larynx except the:
Cricothyroid
33
On the left side, the recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the _____, while on the right side it passes under the _____.
Aortic arch; Subclavian artery
34
The right vagus nerve becomes the _____ after entering the abdominal cavity.
Posterior vagal trunk
35
The left vagus nerve becomes the _____ after entering the abdominal cavity.
Anterior vagal trunk
36
Which branch of CN X sends branches to the duodenum, liver, kidneys, small intestine and proximal 2/3 of the large intestine?
Celiac branch of the posterior vagal trunk
37
The anterior vagal trunk sends branches to which organs?
Stomach, liver, pancreas, and superior part of the duodenum
38
A bilateral transection of CN X results in:
Fatality (Finish him...)
39
A lesion within the vault or close to the skull results in:
Widespread problems especially within the palate, pharynx and larynx (Brutality...not quite a finishing kill)
40
Damage to which nerve results in hoarseness and decreased volume of speech?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
41
The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from the:
Spiral ganglion
42
What is the apparent origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Cerebellopontine angle
43
The cochlear nerve carries _____ fibers, while the vestibular nerve carries about _____ fibers.
30-40k; 20k
44
The smaller inferior branch of the vestibular nerve is composed of _____, which supply the _____, respectively.
The saccular nerve and posterior ampullary nerve; saccule and posterior ampullary crest
45
The larger superior branch of the vestibular nerve is formed by _____, which supply the _____.
Lateral and anterior ampullary nerves; lateral and anterior semicircular canals
46
What is supplied by a branch from the lateral ampullary nerve and a branch directly off the superior branch?
Utricle
47
What is the nerve that goes directly to the saccule via the superior branch of the vestibular nerve?
Voit's nerve
48
What is the apparent origin of the spinal root of the accessory nerve?
Lateral aspect of the cervical cord between the foramen magnum and C5/C6 cord level
49
The vestibulocochlear nerve is purely a ____ nerve, while the accessory nerve is purely a _____ nerve.
Sensory; motor
50
Cell bodies in which nucleus contribute axons to the cranial root of the accessory nerve?
Nucleus ambiguus
51
The cranial root emerges from the _____, while the spinal root emerges from the _____.
M.O.; lateral aspect of the cervical cord
52
Fibers of the cranial root separate from the spinal root and join which nerve in which location?
The vagus nerve at the inferior ganglion
53
Which muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve?
SCM, trapezius, muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx
54
The hypoglossal nerve supplies the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except:
The palatoglossus
55
On the floor of which structure is the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve located?
Rhomboid fossa
56
The hypoglossal nerve emerges as a series of rootlets between which structures?
Pyramid and olive of the M.O.
57
The hypoglossal nerve exits the skull via the:
Hypoglossal canal
58
The first and second cervical nerves separate from the hypoglossal nerve to form the:
Superior root of the ansa cervicalis
59
The cervical fibers that continue with hypoglossal nerve supply the:
Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles
60
Which branches are given off the hypoglossal nerve to supply the hypoglossus, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles?
Lingual branches
61
Lingual branches that come off the hypoglossal nerve supply which muscles?
Hypoglossus, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles
62
An interruption of the spinal component of CN XI results in:
SCM paralysis
63
If a patient exhibits right SCM paralysis, what clinical finding would the patient exhibit?
Inability to turn head to left side
64
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal
65
Spinal ganglia are typically located:
Either inside or just medial to the intervertebral foramen
66
C1 and C2 ganglia are located:
On their respective vertebral arches
67
Sacral ganglia are located:
Within the vertebral canal
68
Coccygeal ganglia are located:
Inside the dura mater
69
The posterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides motor innervation to the:
Deep back muscles
70
The anterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides motor innervation to the:
Anterior and lateral trunk muscles and skeletal muscles in the extremities
71
The posterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the:
Skin on either side of the spine
72
The anterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the:
Skin of extremities as well as anterior and lateral trunks
73
White rami communicans are associated only with nerves _____, while gray rami communicans are associated with _____.
T1-L2; each spinal nerve
74
Which cervical posterior rami provides motor supply to suboccipital muscles?
C1/Suboccipital nerve
75
The medial branch of the C2 ramus is termed:
Greater occipital nerve
76
The medial branch of C2 provides:
Sensory innervation to the posterior neck and scalp
77
The lateral branch of C2 provides:
Motor supply to semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis muscles
78
What are examples of suboccipital muscles?
Rectus capitis posterior major/minor, obliquus capitis superior/inferior and semispinalis capitis
79
Which suboccipital muscle is innervated by both C1 and C2?
Semispinalis capitis
80
The medial branch of the C3 ramus is termed:
Third (least) occipital nerve
81
The medial branch of C3 provides:
Sensory supply from skin of posterior neck
82
The lateral branch of C3 provides:
Motor supply to same muscles as C2
83
The medial branches of C4-C8 provide:
Sensory supply from the skin of the posterior neck
84
The lateral branches of C4-C8 provide:
Motor supply to iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis and capitis
85
Which cervical posterior ramus does not provide sensory supply?
C1/Suboccipital
86
The cervical plexus is formed by:
Anterior primary rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves
87
Fibers from the inferior vagal ganglion communicate with the loop formed by:
C1 and C2
88
Fibers from the spinal accessory nerve communicate with the loop formed by:
C2/C3 (SCM) and C3/C4 (Trapezius)
89
Which nerve carries fibers from C2 to supply the skin on the superior 1/3 of the auricle as well as skin behind the ear?
Lesser occipital nerve
90
Which nerve carries fibers from C2 and C3 and enters the parotid gland?
Great auricular nerve
91
The anterior branch of the great auricular nerve combines with the facial nerve to supply the skin over the:
Parotid gland
92
The posterior branch of the great auricular nerve supplies the skin over the:
Mastoid process
93
Which nerve carries fibers from C2 and C3 and supplies the skin over the platysma muscle?
Transverse cutaneous nerve
94
The transverse cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the:
Platysma muscle
95
Which nerve supplies the skin inferior to the sternal end of the clavicle, as inferior as the second rib?
Medial supraclavicular nerve
96
Which nerve supplies the skin over the deltoid and pectoralis major, as far inferior as the second rib?
Intermediate supraclavicular nerve
97
Which nerve supplies the skin over the superior and lateral aspects of the shoulder?
Lateral supraclavicular nerve
98
The lateral series of deep branches passes into the _____, while the medial series passes into the _____.
Posterior triangle; anterior triangle
99
Which muscles are associated with the muscular branches of the lateral series of deep branches?
SCM (C2-C4), trapezius (C2, sometimes C3), levator scapula (C3/C4), and middle scalene (C3/C4)
100
Which muscles are associated with the muscular branches of the medial series of deep branches?
Rectus capitis lateralis (C1), rectus capitis anterior (C1/C2), longus capitis (C1-C3), and longus colli (C2-C4)
101
Branches from which cervical nerves combine to form the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?
C2 and C3
102
Branches from which cervical nerves combine to form the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?
C1 and C2
103
The phrenic nerve is formed by fibers from which cervical nerves?
C3-C5, with C4 contributing the most fibers
104
The phrenic nerve supplies which muscle?
Diaphragm
105
Most vestibular fibers will terminate in which part of the vestibular nuclear complex?
Medial (Schwalbe) vestibular nucleus
106
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The nucleus ambiguus contributes motor fibers to all of the following except:
A. Vestibulocochlear
B. Glossopharyngeal
C. Vagus
D. Accessory
```
A. Vestibulocochlear
It's a purely sensory nerve
107
Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve may result in the loss of:
Bitter taste
108
The gray rami communicans carry:
Unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic fibers
109
The white rami communicans carry:
Myelinated preganglionic sympathetic fibers
110
Which glands receive parasympathetic supply from the glossopharyngeal nerve, via the otic ganglion?
Parotid, buccal and inferior labial glands
111
Lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve carry:
Taste and general sensory information from the tongue, posterior to the sulcus terminalis
112
Cell bodies in the spiral ganglion contribute axons to which nerve?
Cochlear
113
Which cervical nerve carries motor fibers and doesn't split?
Suboccipital/C1
114
```
All of the following arise from the lateral aspect of the M.O. except:
A. Vestibulocochlear
B. Glossopharyngeal
C. Vagus
D. Accessory
```
A. Vestibulocochlear
Arises from the cerebellopontine angle
115
Which area of dura is supplied by the meningeal branch of the vagus nerve?
Posterior cranial fossa
116
A patient presents with a stiff neck and her face turned to the left and an inability to turn her face to the right. Which nerve is likely involved?
Accessory
117
At which level is the posterior primary ramus larger than the anterior ramus?
C1
118
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Which of the following is a branch of the cervical plexus?
A. Suboccipital nerve
B. Greater occipital nerve
C. Lesser occipital nerve
D. Third occipital nerve
```
C. Lesser occipital nerve
It's a branch of the anterior rami, while the others are all posterior rami which are not part of the cervical plexus
119
Gray rami communicans communicate with the cervical plexus from this ganglion.
Superior cervical ganglion
120
The cervical plexus communicates with which cranial nerves?
X, XI, and XII
121
Condition described as "ringing in the ear."
Tinnitus
122
Irritation of this nerve may result in hiccups.
Phrenic nerve
123
Taste fibers from the posterior part of the tongue synapse in this nucleus.
Superior part of the solitary nucleus
124
Taste fibers from the posterior part of the tongue are carried by neurons from the:
Inferior ganglion
125
Which roots contribute to the cervical plexus?
Anterior primary rami of C1-C4
126
What type of information is carried by cervical plexus fibers that reach the trapezius muscle?
Sensory
127
The glossopharyngeal nerve delivers motor fibers to which muscle?
Stylopharyngeus
128
The glossopharyngeal nerve delivers sensory information from the:
Pharynx
129
The celiac branch of the right vagus nerve sends branches to which organs?
Duodenum, liver, kidneys, small intestine and proximal 2/3 of the large intestine
130
The cranial root of the accessory nerve contributes motor supply to the laryngeal muscles except:
Cricoarytenoid
