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PNS > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

CN IX carries _____ innervation to the stylopharyngeus, _____ information from the pharynx and _____ information leading to the _____ and other glands.

A

Motor; Sensory; Parasympathetic; Parotid

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2
Q

The motor fibers of carried by CN IX arise from cell bodies located in the:

A

Superior part of the nucleus ambiguus

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3
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN IX arise from the:

A

Inferior salivary nucleus

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4
Q

Afferent, sensory fibers of CN IX terminate in the:

A

Solitary nucleus (nucleus solitarius)

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5
Q

The nucleus ambiguus contributes lower motor neurons to which CNs?

A

IX, X and XI

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6
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons that arise from the inferior salivary nucleus synapse in the:

A

Otic ganglion

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7
Q

What is the apparent origin of CN IX?

A

Superior aspect of the M.O.

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8
Q

CN IX exits the skull via the:

A

Jugular foramen

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9
Q

The superior ganglion is located _____, while the inferior ganglion is located _____.

A

Inside the cranium; Beyond the jugular foramen outside the cranium

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10
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic nerve are carried though what structure?

A

Tympanic canaliculus

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11
Q

In which structure will postganglionic sympathetic fibers form the tympanic plexus?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

Which nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic plexus to the otic ganglion?

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

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13
Q

The carotid branch carries afferent information from _____ in the carotid body and _____ in the carotid sinus.

A

Chemoreceptors; baroreceptors

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14
Q

Which branch of CN IX supplies the stylopharyngeus?

A

Muscular branch

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15
Q

Which branches of CN IX reach the oral cavity?

A

Tonsillar and lingual branches

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16
Q

Motor fibers carried in the vagus nerve have cell bodies located in the:

A

Nucleus ambiguus

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17
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN X arise from the:

A

Posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus

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18
Q

The posterior nucleus of the vagus receives information directly/indirectly from the:

A

Indirectly; Hypothalamus and carotid sinus

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19
Q

Incoming somatic sensory information of CN X terminates in the:

A

Spinal nucleus of CN V

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20
Q

What are the other names of the superior and inferior ganglia of the vagus nerve?

A 
Superior = Jugular ganglion
Inferior = Nodose ganglion
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21
Q

The apparent origin of the vagus nerve is the:

A

Lateral aspect of the M.O.

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22
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is given off before exiting the skull?

A

Meningeal branch

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23
Q

The vagus nerve exits the skull via the:

A

Jugular foramen

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24
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve supplies the dura of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Meningeal branch

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25
Q

The vagus nerve, along with CN XI, travels _____ to the septum, while CN IX travels _____ to the septum.

A

Anterior; posterior

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26
Q

The auricular branch of CN X courses through which structures to reach the external acoustic meatus?

A

Mastoid canaliculus and tympanomastoid fissure

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27
Q

Between which two structures does CN X travel within the carotid sheath?

A

Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

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28
Q

Vagal fibers of the pharyngeal branch will provide motor supply to which muscles?

A

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles and levator veli palatine muscle

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29
Q

If the uvula deviates to the right, this indicates:

A

Left CN X issue (uvula deviates to the healthy side)

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30
Q

The external laryngeal nerve provides motor supply to which muscle?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

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31
Q

The internal laryngeal nerve carries sensory information to which structure?

A

Laryngeal mucosa

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32
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all muscles of the larynx except the:

A

Cricothyroid

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33
Q

On the left side, the recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the _____, while on the right side it passes under the _____.

A

Aortic arch; Subclavian artery

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34
Q

The right vagus nerve becomes the _____ after entering the abdominal cavity.

A

Posterior vagal trunk

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35
Q

The left vagus nerve becomes the _____ after entering the abdominal cavity.

A

Anterior vagal trunk

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36
Q

Which branch of CN X sends branches to the duodenum, liver, kidneys, small intestine and proximal 2/3 of the large intestine?

A

Celiac branch of the posterior vagal trunk

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37
Q

The anterior vagal trunk sends branches to which organs?

A

Stomach, liver, pancreas, and superior part of the duodenum

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38
Q

A bilateral transection of CN X results in:

A

Fatality (Finish him…)

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39
Q

A lesion within the vault or close to the skull results in:

A

Widespread problems especially within the palate, pharynx and larynx (Brutality…not quite a finishing kill)

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40
Q

Damage to which nerve results in hoarseness and decreased volume of speech?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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41
Q

The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from the:

A

Spiral ganglion

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42
Q

What is the apparent origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

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43
Q

The cochlear nerve carries _____ fibers, while the vestibular nerve carries about _____ fibers.

A

30-40k; 20k

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44
Q

The smaller inferior branch of the vestibular nerve is composed of _____, which supply the _____, respectively.

A

The saccular nerve and posterior ampullary nerve; saccule and posterior ampullary crest

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45
Q

The larger superior branch of the vestibular nerve is formed by _____, which supply the _____.

A

Lateral and anterior ampullary nerves; lateral and anterior semicircular canals

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46
Q

What is supplied by a branch from the lateral ampullary nerve and a branch directly off the superior branch?

A

Utricle

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47
Q

What is the nerve that goes directly to the saccule via the superior branch of the vestibular nerve?

A

Voit’s nerve

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48
Q

What is the apparent origin of the spinal root of the accessory nerve?

A

Lateral aspect of the cervical cord between the foramen magnum and C5/C6 cord level

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49
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is purely a ____ nerve, while the accessory nerve is purely a _____ nerve.

A

Sensory; motor

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50
Q

Cell bodies in which nucleus contribute axons to the cranial root of the accessory nerve?

A

Nucleus ambiguus

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51
Q

The cranial root emerges from the _____, while the spinal root emerges from the _____.

A

M.O.; lateral aspect of the cervical cord

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52
Q

Fibers of the cranial root separate from the spinal root and join which nerve in which location?

A

The vagus nerve at the inferior ganglion

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53
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve?

A

SCM, trapezius, muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx

54
Q

The hypoglossal nerve supplies the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except:

A

The palatoglossus

55
Q

On the floor of which structure is the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve located?

A

Rhomboid fossa

56
Q

The hypoglossal nerve emerges as a series of rootlets between which structures?

A

Pyramid and olive of the M.O.

57
Q

The hypoglossal nerve exits the skull via the:

A

Hypoglossal canal

58
Q

The first and second cervical nerves separate from the hypoglossal nerve to form the:

A

Superior root of the ansa cervicalis

59
Q

The cervical fibers that continue with hypoglossal nerve supply the:

A

Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles

60
Q

Which branches are given off the hypoglossal nerve to supply the hypoglossus, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles?

A

Lingual branches

61
Q

Lingual branches that come off the hypoglossal nerve supply which muscles?

A

Hypoglossus, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles

62
Q

An interruption of the spinal component of CN XI results in:

A

SCM paralysis

63
Q

If a patient exhibits right SCM paralysis, what clinical finding would the patient exhibit?

A

Inability to turn head to left side

64
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal

65
Q

Spinal ganglia are typically located:

A

Either inside or just medial to the intervertebral foramen

66
Q

C1 and C2 ganglia are located:

A

On their respective vertebral arches

67
Q

Sacral ganglia are located:

A

Within the vertebral canal

68
Q

Coccygeal ganglia are located:

A

Inside the dura mater

69
Q

The posterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides motor innervation to the:

A

Deep back muscles

70
Q

The anterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides motor innervation to the:

A

Anterior and lateral trunk muscles and skeletal muscles in the extremities

71
Q

The posterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the:

A

Skin on either side of the spine

72
Q

The anterior primary ramus of a mixed spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the:

A

Skin of extremities as well as anterior and lateral trunks

73
Q

White rami communicans are associated only with nerves _____, while gray rami communicans are associated with _____.

A

T1-L2; each spinal nerve

74
Q

Which cervical posterior rami provides motor supply to suboccipital muscles?

A

C1/Suboccipital nerve

75
Q

The medial branch of the C2 ramus is termed:

A

Greater occipital nerve

76
Q

The medial branch of C2 provides:

A

Sensory innervation to the posterior neck and scalp

77
Q

The lateral branch of C2 provides:

A

Motor supply to semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis muscles

78
Q

What are examples of suboccipital muscles?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major/minor, obliquus capitis superior/inferior and semispinalis capitis

79
Q

Which suboccipital muscle is innervated by both C1 and C2?

A

Semispinalis capitis

80
Q

The medial branch of the C3 ramus is termed:

A

Third (least) occipital nerve

81
Q

The medial branch of C3 provides:

A

Sensory supply from skin of posterior neck

82
Q

The lateral branch of C3 provides:

A

Motor supply to same muscles as C2

83
Q

The medial branches of C4-C8 provide:

A

Sensory supply from the skin of the posterior neck

84
Q

The lateral branches of C4-C8 provide:

A

Motor supply to iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis and capitis

85
Q

Which cervical posterior ramus does not provide sensory supply?

A

C1/Suboccipital

86
Q

The cervical plexus is formed by:

A

Anterior primary rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves

87
Q

Fibers from the inferior vagal ganglion communicate with the loop formed by:

A

C1 and C2

88
Q

Fibers from the spinal accessory nerve communicate with the loop formed by:

A

C2/C3 (SCM) and C3/C4 (Trapezius)

89
Q

Which nerve carries fibers from C2 to supply the skin on the superior 1/3 of the auricle as well as skin behind the ear?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

90
Q

Which nerve carries fibers from C2 and C3 and enters the parotid gland?

A

Great auricular nerve

91
Q

The anterior branch of the great auricular nerve combines with the facial nerve to supply the skin over the:

A

Parotid gland

92
Q

The posterior branch of the great auricular nerve supplies the skin over the:

A

Mastoid process

93
Q

Which nerve carries fibers from C2 and C3 and supplies the skin over the platysma muscle?

A

Transverse cutaneous nerve

94
Q

The transverse cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the:

A

Platysma muscle

95
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin inferior to the sternal end of the clavicle, as inferior as the second rib?

A

Medial supraclavicular nerve

96
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin over the deltoid and pectoralis major, as far inferior as the second rib?

A

Intermediate supraclavicular nerve

97
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin over the superior and lateral aspects of the shoulder?

A

Lateral supraclavicular nerve

98
Q

The lateral series of deep branches passes into the _____, while the medial series passes into the _____.

A

Posterior triangle; anterior triangle

99
Q

Which muscles are associated with the muscular branches of the lateral series of deep branches?

A

SCM (C2-C4), trapezius (C2, sometimes C3), levator scapula (C3/C4), and middle scalene (C3/C4)

100
Q

Which muscles are associated with the muscular branches of the medial series of deep branches?

A

Rectus capitis lateralis (C1), rectus capitis anterior (C1/C2), longus capitis (C1-C3), and longus colli (C2-C4)

101
Q

Branches from which cervical nerves combine to form the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C2 and C3

102
Q

Branches from which cervical nerves combine to form the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 and C2

103
Q

The phrenic nerve is formed by fibers from which cervical nerves?

A

C3-C5, with C4 contributing the most fibers

104
Q

The phrenic nerve supplies which muscle?

A

Diaphragm

105
Q

Most vestibular fibers will terminate in which part of the vestibular nuclear complex?

A

Medial (Schwalbe) vestibular nucleus

106
Q 
The nucleus ambiguus contributes motor fibers to all of the following except:
A. Vestibulocochlear
B. Glossopharyngeal
C. Vagus
D. Accessory
A

A. Vestibulocochlear

It’s a purely sensory nerve

107
Q

Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve may result in the loss of:

A

Bitter taste

108
Q

The gray rami communicans carry:

A

Unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic fibers

109
Q

The white rami communicans carry:

A

Myelinated preganglionic sympathetic fibers

110
Q

Which glands receive parasympathetic supply from the glossopharyngeal nerve, via the otic ganglion?

A

Parotid, buccal and inferior labial glands

111
Q

Lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve carry:

A

Taste and general sensory information from the tongue, posterior to the sulcus terminalis

112
Q

Cell bodies in the spiral ganglion contribute axons to which nerve?

A

Cochlear

113
Q

Which cervical nerve carries motor fibers and doesn’t split?

A

Suboccipital/C1

114
Q 
All of the following arise from the lateral aspect of the M.O. except:
A. Vestibulocochlear
B. Glossopharyngeal
C. Vagus
D. Accessory
A

A. Vestibulocochlear

Arises from the cerebellopontine angle

115
Q

Which area of dura is supplied by the meningeal branch of the vagus nerve?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

116
Q

A patient presents with a stiff neck and her face turned to the left and an inability to turn her face to the right. Which nerve is likely involved?

A

Accessory

117
Q

At which level is the posterior primary ramus larger than the anterior ramus?

A

C1

118
Q 
Which of the following is a branch of the cervical plexus?
A. Suboccipital nerve
B. Greater occipital nerve
C. Lesser occipital nerve
D. Third occipital nerve
A

C. Lesser occipital nerve

It’s a branch of the anterior rami, while the others are all posterior rami which are not part of the cervical plexus

119
Q

Gray rami communicans communicate with the cervical plexus from this ganglion.

A

Superior cervical ganglion

120
Q

The cervical plexus communicates with which cranial nerves?

A

X, XI, and XII

121
Q

Condition described as “ringing in the ear.”

A

Tinnitus

122
Q

Irritation of this nerve may result in hiccups.

A

Phrenic nerve

123
Q

Taste fibers from the posterior part of the tongue synapse in this nucleus.

A

Superior part of the solitary nucleus

124
Q

Taste fibers from the posterior part of the tongue are carried by neurons from the:

A

Inferior ganglion

125
Q

Which roots contribute to the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior primary rami of C1-C4

126
Q

What type of information is carried by cervical plexus fibers that reach the trapezius muscle?

A

Sensory

127
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve delivers motor fibers to which muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus

128
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve delivers sensory information from the:

A

Pharynx

129
Q

The celiac branch of the right vagus nerve sends branches to which organs?

A

Duodenum, liver, kidneys, small intestine and proximal 2/3 of the large intestine

130
Q

The cranial root of the accessory nerve contributes motor supply to the laryngeal muscles except:

A

Cricoarytenoid

PNS (6 decks)

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