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PNS > Final Sans Quiz 6 and 7 > Flashcards

Final Sans Quiz 6 and 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Location of cell bodies of visceral afferents.

A

Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglia

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2
Q

Visceral afferent axons enter the cord through:

A

Posterior root or specific cranial nerve

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3
Q

Visceral afferent dendrites (peripheral processes) carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via:

A

Autonomic ganglia, plexus or even somatic nerves without synapse

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4
Q

Sympathetic afferents travel through the sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglia by passing through the _____.

A

White ramus communicans

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5
Q

Parasympathetic afferents travel in which nerves?

A

Sacral spinal and cranial nerves

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6
Q

Visceral afferents are associated with receptors that are sensitive to (3).

A

Pressure (baroreceptors), chemical concentrations and muscle stretching

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7
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in which nerves?

A

CN3/7/9/10 and sacral spinal nerves 2/3/4

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8
Q

Parasympathetic fibers are _____, meaning they release which neurotransmitter?

A

Cholinergic; ACH

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9
Q

Sympathetic fibers are _____, meaning they release which neurotransmitter?

A

Adrenergic; Norepinephrine

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10
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers extend to effector organs to (4).

A

Decrease cardiac output, constrict bronchial tree, constrict pupils and stimulate peristalsis

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves supply structures in the head?

A

CN3/7/9

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12
Q

CNX will supply:

A

Cardiac, respiratory and digestive structures in the neck, thorax and abdomen

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13
Q

S2-S4 nerves supply:

A

Distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital systems

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14
Q

The oculomotor nerve is located in the ____.

A

Midbrain

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15
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of CNIII are located in the:

A

Accessory oculomotor nucleus

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16
Q

Parasympathetic fibers that follow CNIII will synapse in the:

A

Ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

Postganglionic axons of CNIII are carried in _____ that enter the eyeball.

A

Short ciliary nerves

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18
Q

Postganglionic axons supply which two muscles?

A

Ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

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19
Q

Function of the ciliary muscle.

A

Contraction makes lens more convex to focus on closer objects

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20
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of the facial nerve are located in the _____.

A

Salivary nucleus (superior part)

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21
Q

Preganglionic fibers exit the CNS via the _____ and are carried in what two branches of the facial nerve?

A

Intermediate nerve; Greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani

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22
Q

The greater petrosal nerve leaves the facial nerve at the:

A

Geniculate ganglion

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23
Q

Which type of fibers are carried by the greater petrosal nerve?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic

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24
Q

The greater petrosal nerve re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the:

A

Foramen lacerum

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25
Q

The greater petrosal nerve travels in the pterygoid canal and ultimate joins the:

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

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26
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the facial nerve are distributed in which nerves?

A

Lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves

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27
Q

Which fibers are carried in the chorda tympani?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic

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28
Q

Chorda tympani carries PreGP fibers through the tympanic cavity and leaves the temporal bone through the:

A

Pterygotympanic fissure

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29
Q

With which nerve does the chorda tympani combine?

A

Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular division of CN5)

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30
Q

PreGP fibers leave the lingual nerve to reach the:

A

Submandibular ganglion

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31
Q

PostGP fibers in the chorda tympani travel to which glands?

A

Submandibular and sublingual

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32
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of CNIX are located in the:

A

Salivary nucleus (inferior part)

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33
Q

Preganglionic fibers of CNIX are carried in the _____, which comes off CNIX at the _____.

A

Tympanic nerve; inferior ganglion

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34
Q

Fibers carried by the tympanic nerve are carried through which structure?

A

Tympanic canaliculus

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35
Q

In the tympanic cavity, the tympanic nerve receives postGS fibers from which structure?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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36
Q

PreGP fibers from the tympanic nerve reform as the _____, which travels to the ______.

A

Lesser petrosal nerve; Otic ganglion

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37
Q

PostGP fibers from the otic ganglion are carried to which glands?

A

Parotid and posterior lingual glands

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38
Q

PostGP fibers reach the parotid gland via _____, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

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39
Q

The posterior lingual glands receive postganglionic fibers through the:

A

Lingual nerve (CNIX)

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40
Q

Special sensory (taste) fibers, considered to be special visceral afferents, are carried in the:

A

Lingual branch of CNIX

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41
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of CNX are located in the:

A

Posterior (Dorsal) nucleus of the vagus

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42
Q

In which organs will you find postganglionic cells from CNX?

A

Myocardium, Submucosal plexus and Myenteric plexus

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43
Q

In regards to the heart, preganglionic fibers from CNX are carried in _____, which synapse in the cardiac plexus at which parts of the heart?

A

Superior and inferior cardiac nerves; Base and wall of heart

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44
Q

Postganglionic fibers of CNX are carried to which locations (3)?

A

Sinoatrial node (natural pacemaker), Atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (to reach subendocardial branches –> Purkinje fibers)

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45
Q

Parasympathetic impulses will inhibit the _____ and _____ the coronary arteries.

A

Myocardium; constrict

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46
Q

Preganglionic fibers in the esophagus are carried in which nerve?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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47
Q

Preganglionic fibers travel to the S.I., cecum, appendix and ascending/descending colon by way of the:

A

Posterior vagal trunk

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48
Q

Preganglionic fibers reaching the duodenum do so via the:

A

Celiac plexus

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49
Q

Preganglionic fibers that reach the gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree come primarily from the:

A

Right vagal trunk

50
Q

S2, S3 and S4 parasympathetic fibers arise from:

A

Lateral horns of S2-S4 cord levels

51
Q

S2-S4 parasympathetic fibers are carried inferior in the:

A

Cauda equina

52
Q

Which splanchnic nerves travel to the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

Pelvic

53
Q

The nerves that provide the main contribution to the esophageal plexus.

A

Vagus and Recurrent laryngeal

54
Q

Sympathetic contribution to the esophageal plexus comes from:

A

Greater splanchnic nerves (that arise from T5-9 or 10 ganglia)

55
Q

Contributions (3) to the thoracic aortic plexus.

A

Vagus (sensory/visceral afferent), Greater splanchnic nerve (sympathetic) and T1-T5 sympathetic ganglia (vascular)

56
Q

The primary component of the pulmonary plexus.

A

Parasympathetics (from CNX)

57
Q

Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus come from:

A

T2-T4

58
Q

In the cardiac plexus, parasympathetic information arrives via:

A

Superior and inferior cardiac nerves (of CNX)

59
Q

In the cardiac plexus, sympathetic fibers arrive from:

A

Superior, middle and inferior cardiac nerves (from T2-T4)

60
Q

What is the largest prevertebral plexus? Where does it begin?

A

Celiac plexus; L1

61
Q

There are 3 pairs of well-defined ganglia associated with the celiac plexus. Name them.

A

Celiac ganglion, Superior mesenteric ganglia and Aorticorenal ganglia

62
Q

Which plexus is a part of the celiac plexus between L4-S1?

A

Superior hypogastric plexus

63
Q

Which plexus includes the celiac plexus below the internal iliac artery?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

64
Q

The superior hypogastric plexus is part of the celiac plexus between:

A

L4-S1

65
Q

The inferior hypogastric plexus includes the celiac plexus below the:

A

Internal iliac artery

66
Q

What is the second largest prevertebral plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus (celiac is #1)

67
Q

Defecation and micturition are initiated by _____ input.

A

Parasympathetic

68
Q

Ectodermal thickening on lateral “head” is called the:

A

Placode

69
Q

Placode gives rise to the _____, then to the _____.

A

Auditory pit, then auditory vesicle

70
Q

Auditory vesicle will give rise to most of the:

A

Membranous inner ear

71
Q

The external ear includes:

A

Auricle and external acoustic meatus

72
Q

Function of the auricle (pinna).

A

Funnel sound waves into the EAM

73
Q

Which muscles position the auricle?

A

Anterior auricular muscle (smallest), Superior auricular muscle (largest) and the posterior auricular muscle

74
Q

Modified sweat glands produce:

A

Cerumen

75
Q

Which type of exam is made possible by gently pulling on the lobule of the ear?

A

Otoscopic (because the canal is not straight)

76
Q

Blood supply to the external ear.

A

Posterior auricular branch of the external carotid artery

Anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery

Auricular branch from the occipital artery

77
Q

Nerve supply to the external ear.

A

Sensory supply from: Auriculotemporal nerve (CNV), Auricular branch of CNX and Great auricular nerve (C2/C3)

Motor supply from: Temporal and posterior auricular branches of CNVII

Sympathetic supply from: Superior cervical ganglion

78
Q

The middle ear is located in the small space between:

A

Tympanic membrane and the inner ear

79
Q

Two parts of the middle ear.

A

Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess

80
Q

Three bones found in the middle ear.

A

Incus, malleus and stapes

81
Q

Two muscles located in the tympanic cavity.

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

82
Q

Opening through which the tendon of the stapedius muscle passes through.

A

Pyramidal eminence

83
Q

The opening between the tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells.

A

Aditus of the mastoid antrum

84
Q

The carotid wall of the middle ear contains openings for:

A

Pharyngotympanic tube, tensor tympani and the chorda tympani

85
Q

The wall of the middle ear that represents the boundary between the middle and inner ear.

A

Medial or Labyrinthine wall

86
Q

The stapes attaches to:

A

Oval window

87
Q

The largest of the 3 bones in the middle ear.

A

Malleus

88
Q

Which bone of the middle ear transmits vibration?

A

Incus

89
Q

Blood supply to the middle ear.

A

Anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery

Tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery

90
Q

Nerve supply to the middle ear.

A

Sensory: Tympanic nerve of CNIX
Motor: Nerve to the stapedius (CNVII) and Medial pterygoid nerve (V3)
Sympathetic: Caroticotympanic nerves from superior cervical ganglion

91
Q

The inner ear is also called the:

A

Labyrinth

92
Q

Two parts of the labyrinth.

A

Bony and membranous

93
Q

Which labyrinth is an enclosure for the other?

A

Bony labyrinth encloses the membranous labyrinth

94
Q

The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by:

A

Perilymph

95
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth.

A

Cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals

96
Q

Which part of the bony labyrinth contains the utricle and saccule?

A

Vestibule

97
Q

What acts as a connector between the saccule and cochlear duct?

A

Ductus reuniens

98
Q

The bony structure surrounded by the bony part of the cochlea.

A

Modiolus

99
Q

How many times does the cochlea wrap around the modiolus?

A

2.5-2.75 times

100
Q

The 3 channels that make up the cochlea.

A

Cochlear duct, scala vestibuli and scala tympani

101
Q

The scala vestibuli and scala tympani communicate with each other via the:

A

Helicotrema

102
Q

The base of the scala tympani is located in the:

A

Round window

103
Q

Which part of the cochlear duct has numerous hair-like projections that are sensitive to frequency and amplitude?

A

Spiral organ

104
Q

Hair cells are covered by the:

A

Tectorial membrane

105
Q

Cell bodies for primary sensory neurons are located in the:

A

Spiral ganglion

106
Q

In order, describe the transmission of sound.

A

EAM –> Tympanic membrane –> Ossicles –> Stapes –> Scala vestibuli –> Scala tympani –> Basilar membrane –> Spiral organ –> Cochlear nerve

107
Q

Which part of the vestibular labyrinth communicates with the cochlear duct?

A

Saccule

108
Q

Which part of the vestibular labyrinth communicates with the semicircular canals?

A

Utricle

109
Q

The sense organs within the utricle and saccule are called:

A

Maculae

110
Q

Deflection of the maculae and eliciting impulses are done by:

A

Otoliths

111
Q

The utricle detects:

A

Centrifugal and vertical accelerations

112
Q

The saccule detects:

A

Linear accelerations

113
Q

The sense organs within the semicircular canals are called:

A

Crista

114
Q

Semicircular canals are sensitive to accelerations in any direction, but are particularly sensitive to:

A

Rotational accelerations

115
Q

The dendrites carrying information to the vestibular ganglion are collected into what two branches?

A

Superior branch (larger/anterior & lateral semicircular ducts and the utricle as well as some from the saccule)

Inferior branch (smaller/posterior semicircular duct and the saccule)

116
Q

Blood supply to the labyrinth.

A

Internal auditor artery (branch of basilar artery) and Stylomastoid artery (branch from posterior auricular artery)

117
Q

Nerve supply to the labyrinth.

A

Sympathetics: Cavernous and/or internal carotid plexus

Cochlear nerve and vestibular nerve

118
Q

The cochlear nerve axons relay information to which nuclei?

A

Superior olivary and trapezoid nuclei (in the M.O.)

119
Q

Ultimately, cochlear nerve information is relayed to the temporal lobe and which Brodmann areas?

A

41 and 42

120
Q

Vestibular nerve information is processed in the:

A

Cerebellum

PNS (6 decks)

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