Final Sans Quiz 6 and 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Location of cell bodies of visceral afferents.
A
Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglia
2
Q
Visceral afferent axons enter the cord through:
A
Posterior root or specific cranial nerve
3
Q
Visceral afferent dendrites (peripheral processes) carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via:
A
Autonomic ganglia, plexus or even somatic nerves without synapse
4
Q
Sympathetic afferents travel through the sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglia by passing through the _____.
A
White ramus communicans
5
Q
Parasympathetic afferents travel in which nerves?
A
Sacral spinal and cranial nerves
6
Q
Visceral afferents are associated with receptors that are sensitive to (3).
A
Pressure (baroreceptors), chemical concentrations and muscle stretching
7
Q
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in which nerves?
A
CN3/7/9/10 and sacral spinal nerves 2/3/4
8
Q
Parasympathetic fibers are _____, meaning they release which neurotransmitter?
A
Cholinergic; ACH
9
Q
Sympathetic fibers are _____, meaning they release which neurotransmitter?
A
Adrenergic; Norepinephrine
10
Q
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers extend to effector organs to (4).
A
Decrease cardiac output, constrict bronchial tree, constrict pupils and stimulate peristalsis
11
Q
Which cranial nerves supply structures in the head?
A
CN3/7/9
12
Q
CNX will supply:
A
Cardiac, respiratory and digestive structures in the neck, thorax and abdomen
13
Q
S2-S4 nerves supply:
A
Distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital systems
14
Q
The oculomotor nerve is located in the ____.
A
Midbrain
15
Q
Preganglionic cell bodies of CNIII are located in the:
A
Accessory oculomotor nucleus
16
Q
Parasympathetic fibers that follow CNIII will synapse in the:
A
Ciliary ganglion
17
Q
Postganglionic axons of CNIII are carried in _____ that enter the eyeball.
A
Short ciliary nerves
18
Q
Postganglionic axons supply which two muscles?
A
Ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae
19
Q
Function of the ciliary muscle.
A
Contraction makes lens more convex to focus on closer objects
20
Q
Preganglionic cell bodies of the facial nerve are located in the _____.
A
Salivary nucleus (superior part)
21
Q
Preganglionic fibers exit the CNS via the _____ and are carried in what two branches of the facial nerve?
A
Intermediate nerve; Greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani
22
Q
The greater petrosal nerve leaves the facial nerve at the:
A
Geniculate ganglion
23
Q
Which type of fibers are carried by the greater petrosal nerve?
A
Preganglionic parasympathetic
24
Q
The greater petrosal nerve re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the:
A
Foramen lacerum
25
The greater petrosal nerve travels in the pterygoid canal and ultimate joins the:
Pterygopalatine ganglion
26
Postganglionic fibers of the facial nerve are distributed in which nerves?
Lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves
27
Which fibers are carried in the chorda tympani?
Preganglionic parasympathetic
28
Chorda tympani carries PreGP fibers through the tympanic cavity and leaves the temporal bone through the:
Pterygotympanic fissure
29
With which nerve does the chorda tympani combine?
Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular division of CN5)
30
PreGP fibers leave the lingual nerve to reach the:
Submandibular ganglion
31
PostGP fibers in the chorda tympani travel to which glands?
Submandibular and sublingual
32
Preganglionic cell bodies of CNIX are located in the:
Salivary nucleus (inferior part)
33
Preganglionic fibers of CNIX are carried in the _____, which comes off CNIX at the _____.
Tympanic nerve; inferior ganglion
34
Fibers carried by the tympanic nerve are carried through which structure?
Tympanic canaliculus
35
In the tympanic cavity, the tympanic nerve receives postGS fibers from which structure?
Superior cervical ganglion
36
PreGP fibers from the tympanic nerve reform as the _____, which travels to the ______.
Lesser petrosal nerve; Otic ganglion
37
PostGP fibers from the otic ganglion are carried to which glands?
Parotid and posterior lingual glands
38
PostGP fibers reach the parotid gland via _____, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
Auriculotemporal nerve
39
The posterior lingual glands receive postganglionic fibers through the:
Lingual nerve (CNIX)
40
Special sensory (taste) fibers, considered to be special visceral afferents, are carried in the:
Lingual branch of CNIX
41
Preganglionic cell bodies of CNX are located in the:
Posterior (Dorsal) nucleus of the vagus
42
In which organs will you find postganglionic cells from CNX?
Myocardium, Submucosal plexus and Myenteric plexus
43
In regards to the heart, preganglionic fibers from CNX are carried in _____, which synapse in the cardiac plexus at which parts of the heart?
Superior and inferior cardiac nerves; Base and wall of heart
44
Postganglionic fibers of CNX are carried to which locations (3)?
Sinoatrial node (natural pacemaker), Atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (to reach subendocardial branches --> Purkinje fibers)
45
Parasympathetic impulses will inhibit the _____ and _____ the coronary arteries.
Myocardium; constrict
46
Preganglionic fibers in the esophagus are carried in which nerve?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
47
Preganglionic fibers travel to the S.I., cecum, appendix and ascending/descending colon by way of the:
Posterior vagal trunk
48
Preganglionic fibers reaching the duodenum do so via the:
Celiac plexus
49
Preganglionic fibers that reach the gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree come primarily from the:
Right vagal trunk
50
S2, S3 and S4 parasympathetic fibers arise from:
Lateral horns of S2-S4 cord levels
51
S2-S4 parasympathetic fibers are carried inferior in the:
Cauda equina
52
Which splanchnic nerves travel to the inferior hypogastric plexus?
Pelvic
53
The nerves that provide the main contribution to the esophageal plexus.
Vagus and Recurrent laryngeal
54
Sympathetic contribution to the esophageal plexus comes from:
Greater splanchnic nerves (that arise from T5-9 or 10 ganglia)
55
Contributions (3) to the thoracic aortic plexus.
Vagus (sensory/visceral afferent), Greater splanchnic nerve (sympathetic) and T1-T5 sympathetic ganglia (vascular)
56
The primary component of the pulmonary plexus.
Parasympathetics (from CNX)
57
Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus come from:
T2-T4
58
In the cardiac plexus, parasympathetic information arrives via:
Superior and inferior cardiac nerves (of CNX)
59
In the cardiac plexus, sympathetic fibers arrive from:
Superior, middle and inferior cardiac nerves (from T2-T4)
60
What is the largest prevertebral plexus? Where does it begin?
Celiac plexus; L1
61
There are 3 pairs of well-defined ganglia associated with the celiac plexus. Name them.
Celiac ganglion, Superior mesenteric ganglia and Aorticorenal ganglia
62
Which plexus is a part of the celiac plexus between L4-S1?
Superior hypogastric plexus
63
Which plexus includes the celiac plexus below the internal iliac artery?
Inferior hypogastric plexus
64
The superior hypogastric plexus is part of the celiac plexus between:
L4-S1
65
The inferior hypogastric plexus includes the celiac plexus below the:
Internal iliac artery
66
What is the second largest prevertebral plexus?
Inferior hypogastric plexus (celiac is #1)
67
Defecation and micturition are initiated by _____ input.
Parasympathetic
68
Ectodermal thickening on lateral "head" is called the:
Placode
69
Placode gives rise to the _____, then to the _____.
Auditory pit, then auditory vesicle
70
Auditory vesicle will give rise to most of the:
Membranous inner ear
71
The external ear includes:
Auricle and external acoustic meatus
72
Function of the auricle (pinna).
Funnel sound waves into the EAM
73
Which muscles position the auricle?
Anterior auricular muscle (smallest), Superior auricular muscle (largest) and the posterior auricular muscle
74
Modified sweat glands produce:
Cerumen
75
Which type of exam is made possible by gently pulling on the lobule of the ear?
Otoscopic (because the canal is not straight)
76
Blood supply to the external ear.
Posterior auricular branch of the external carotid artery
Anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery
Auricular branch from the occipital artery
77
Nerve supply to the external ear.
Sensory supply from: Auriculotemporal nerve (CNV), Auricular branch of CNX and Great auricular nerve (C2/C3)
Motor supply from: Temporal and posterior auricular branches of CNVII
Sympathetic supply from: Superior cervical ganglion
78
The middle ear is located in the small space between:
Tympanic membrane and the inner ear
79
Two parts of the middle ear.
Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess
80
Three bones found in the middle ear.
Incus, malleus and stapes
81
Two muscles located in the tympanic cavity.
Stapedius and tensor tympani
82
Opening through which the tendon of the stapedius muscle passes through.
Pyramidal eminence
83
The opening between the tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells.
Aditus of the mastoid antrum
84
The carotid wall of the middle ear contains openings for:
Pharyngotympanic tube, tensor tympani and the chorda tympani
85
The wall of the middle ear that represents the boundary between the middle and inner ear.
Medial or Labyrinthine wall
86
The stapes attaches to:
Oval window
87
The largest of the 3 bones in the middle ear.
Malleus
88
Which bone of the middle ear transmits vibration?
Incus
89
Blood supply to the middle ear.
Anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery
Tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery
90
Nerve supply to the middle ear.
Sensory: Tympanic nerve of CNIX
Motor: Nerve to the stapedius (CNVII) and Medial pterygoid nerve (V3)
Sympathetic: Caroticotympanic nerves from superior cervical ganglion
91
The inner ear is also called the:
Labyrinth
92
Two parts of the labyrinth.
Bony and membranous
93
Which labyrinth is an enclosure for the other?
Bony labyrinth encloses the membranous labyrinth
94
The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by:
Perilymph
95
3 parts of the bony labyrinth.
Cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals
96
Which part of the bony labyrinth contains the utricle and saccule?
Vestibule
97
What acts as a connector between the saccule and cochlear duct?
Ductus reuniens
98
The bony structure surrounded by the bony part of the cochlea.
Modiolus
99
How many times does the cochlea wrap around the modiolus?
2.5-2.75 times
100
The 3 channels that make up the cochlea.
Cochlear duct, scala vestibuli and scala tympani
101
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani communicate with each other via the:
Helicotrema
102
The base of the scala tympani is located in the:
Round window
103
Which part of the cochlear duct has numerous hair-like projections that are sensitive to frequency and amplitude?
Spiral organ
104
Hair cells are covered by the:
Tectorial membrane
105
Cell bodies for primary sensory neurons are located in the:
Spiral ganglion
106
In order, describe the transmission of sound.
EAM --> Tympanic membrane --> Ossicles --> Stapes --> Scala vestibuli --> Scala tympani --> Basilar membrane --> Spiral organ --> Cochlear nerve
107
Which part of the vestibular labyrinth communicates with the cochlear duct?
Saccule
108
Which part of the vestibular labyrinth communicates with the semicircular canals?
Utricle
109
The sense organs within the utricle and saccule are called:
Maculae
110
Deflection of the maculae and eliciting impulses are done by:
Otoliths
111
The utricle detects:
Centrifugal and vertical accelerations
112
The saccule detects:
Linear accelerations
113
The sense organs within the semicircular canals are called:
Crista
114
Semicircular canals are sensitive to accelerations in any direction, but are particularly sensitive to:
Rotational accelerations
115
The dendrites carrying information to the vestibular ganglion are collected into what two branches?
Superior branch (larger/anterior & lateral semicircular ducts and the utricle as well as some from the saccule)
Inferior branch (smaller/posterior semicircular duct and the saccule)
116
Blood supply to the labyrinth.
Internal auditor artery (branch of basilar artery) and Stylomastoid artery (branch from posterior auricular artery)
117
Nerve supply to the labyrinth.
Sympathetics: Cavernous and/or internal carotid plexus
Cochlear nerve and vestibular nerve
118
The cochlear nerve axons relay information to which nuclei?
Superior olivary and trapezoid nuclei (in the M.O.)
119
Ultimately, cochlear nerve information is relayed to the temporal lobe and which Brodmann areas?
41 and 42
120
Vestibular nerve information is processed in the:
Cerebellum
